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Chapter 17: Q17.4-5ITD (page 351)

(a) Based on the logo, what five adjacent base positions in the 5' UTR region are most likely involved in ribosome binding? Explain. (b) What is represented by the bases in positions 0-2?

Short Answer

Expert verified

  1. The tallest stacks with the 5' UTR are present in the position from -12 to -8. These adjacent five bases are the ribosomal binding sites.

  2. The bases present in the position, such as 0-2, represent the start codon.

Step by step solution

01

Description of the untranslated region (UTR)

The un-translated region present in the gene sequence helps localize the mRNA and maintains the mRNA's stability. The UTR represented in the 5' prime region is known as the leader sequence. It also controls the translation efficiency.

02

Explanation for part “a”

The adjacent position, namely -12 to -8, possesses the tallest stacks in the 5' UTR that acts as the ribosomal binding site. It can regulate the process of translation.

03

Explanation for part “b”

The bases A, T, G are present in a position 0-2. AUG codes for the start codon methionine in the mRNA produced from the sequenced DNA strand. The start codon is the initiation point of the translation process.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

There are about 20,000 human protein-coding genes. How can human cells make 75,000-100,000 different proteins?

The height of a stack letters in a logo indicates the predictive power of the stack (determined statistically). If the stack is tall, we can be more confident in predicting what base will be in that position of a new sequence is added to the logo. For example, at position2 in the sequence alignment, all 10 sequences have a G: the probability of finding a G there in a new sequence is very high, as is the stack in the sequence logo. For short stacks, the bases all have about the same frequency, so it鈥檚 hard to predict would be at those positions. (a) Looking at the sequence logo, which two positions have the most predictable bases? What bases do you predict would be at those positions in a newly sequenced gene? (b) Which 12 positions have the least predictable bases? How do you know? How does this reflect the relative frequencies of the base shown at these positions in the sequence alignment? Use the two leftmost positions of the 12 as examples in your answer.

Knowing that the genetic code is almost universal, a scientist uses molecular biological methods to insert the human 尾-globin gene(shown in Figure17.12) into bacterial cells, hoping the cell will express it and synthesize functional 尾-globin protein. Instead, the protein produced is non-functional and contains fewer amino acids than does 尾-globin made by a eukaryotic cell. Explain why.

Individuals heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele are generally healthy but show phenotypic effects of the allele under some circumstances (see Figure 14.17). Explain in terms of gene expression.

What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from the middle of the coding sequence of a gene?
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