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Chapter 8: Q1. (page 157)

To see patterns in the data from a time-course experiment like this, it is helpful to graph the data. First, determine which set of data goes on each axis. (a) What did the researchers intentionally vary in the experiment? This is the independent variable, which goes on the x-axis. (b) What are the units (abbreviated) for the independent variable? Explain in words what the abbreviation stands for. (c) What was measured by the researchers? This is the dependent variable, which goes on the y-axis. (d) What does the units abbreviation stand for? Label each axis, including the units.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The graph for the time-course experiment is plotted between the independent variable (time) on the x-axis and the dependent variable (phosphate ion concentration) on the y-axis.

  1. The researchers varied the time in the experiment. Thus time is the independent variable.
  2. The unit for time (independent variable) is min (minute).
  3. The researchers measured the concentration of Pi ion in the experiment; thus, Pi concentration is the dependent variable.
  4. The unit for Pi concentration is 碌mol/mL (micro-mol per milliliter).

Step by step solution

01

Explanation for “a”

In the time-course experiment, the researchers varied the time to check the enzyme's activity concerning time. They measured the activity of the enzyme at an interval of 5 minutes.

A variable that can be varied to measure its impact on another variable is called an independent variable.Thus, time is the independent variable that is plotted on the x-axis of the graph.

02

Explanation for “b”

Time is the independent variable in the graph. The unit of time is minute, and it is abbreviated as min. Thus, time is plotted on the x-axis in min with an interval of 5 minutes.

03

Explanation for “c”

In the time-course experiment, the researchers measured the concentration of phosphate ions in the buffer at an interval of 5 minutes. This is because the phosphate ion concentration depends on the enzyme activity of the liver cells.

A variable that is measured in the experiment is a dependent variable. Thus, the phosphate ion concentration is the dependent variable plotted on the y-axis of the graph.

04

Explanation for “d”

The unit of phosphate ion concentration is 碌mol/mL. 碌mol/mL is an abbreviation of micromoles per milliliters. 碌mol/mL means 10-6 moles per microliter of the buffer.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen, which have high levels of energy, and releases CO2 and water, which have low levels of free energy. Is cellular respiration spontaneous or not? Is it exergonic or endergonic? What happens to the energy released from glucose?

Question: If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium, what will occur?

  1. Additional substrate will be formed.
  2. The reaction will change from endergonic to exergonic.
  3. The free energy of the system will change.
  4. Nothing; the reaction will stay at equilibrium.

Question: If your blood sugar level is low from skipping lunch, what reaction (discussed in this exercise) will occur in your liver cells? Write out the reaction and put the name of the enzyme over the reaction arrow. How will this reaction affect your blood sugar level?

Question: Using a series of arrows, draw the branched metabolic reaction pathway described by the following statements, and then answer the question at the end. Use red arrows and minus signs to indicate inhibition.

L can form either M or N.

M can form O.

O can form either P or R.

P can form Q.

R can form S.

O inhibits the reaction of L to form M.

Q inhibits the reaction of O to form P.

S inhibits the reaction of O to form R.

Which reaction would prevail if both Q and S were present in the cell in high concentrations?

  1. \({\rm{L}}\, \to {\rm{M}}\)
  2. \({\rm{M}}\, \to {\rm{O}}\)
  3. \({\rm{L}}\, \to {\rm{N}}\)
  4. \({\rm{O}}\, \to {\rm{P}}\)

Question: Most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because

  1. heat does not involve a transfer of energy
  2. cells do not have much thermal energy; they are relatively cool
  3. temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell
  4. heat can never be used o do work
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