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Chapter 8: Q2. (page 153)

Which of the following has more free energy: glutamic acid + ammonia + ATP or glutamine + ADP + Pi? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The first set of combinations of glutamic acid + ammonia + ATP has more energy because it is an exergonic process.

Step by step solution

01

Glutamic acid to glutamine

The conversion of glutamic acid to glutamine is an endergonic process. This reaction has a positive Gvalue which means the reaction requires energy to proceed. Thus, the reaction is not spontaneous and energetically unfavorable.

As a result, the reaction is coupled with ATP hydrolysis.ATP hydrolysis drives this endergonic reaction and synthesizes glutamine from glutamic acid and ammonia.

02

Reaction coupled with ATP hydrolysis

ATP transfers a phosphate group to glutamic acid to form a phosphorylated intermediate in the first couple reaction. This intermediate has more free energy than glutamic acid and is thereby less stable.

In the second couple reaction, glutamine is formed along with ADP and Pi. Thus, the products of the second set of reactions do not have high free energy.

03

 Step 3: The couple reaction is an exergonic process

In a coupled reaction, the first set of combinations transforms into the second set of combinations. This happens when the ammonia displaces the phosphate group from the phosphorylated intermediate resulting in the formation of glutamine.

As a result, the overall reaction is an exergonic process as ATP hydrolysis provides the reaction energy. This exhibits the first set of combinations has more free energy.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen, which have high levels of energy, and releases CO2 and water, which have low levels of free energy. Is cellular respiration spontaneous or not? Is it exergonic or endergonic? What happens to the energy released from glucose?

Question: Explain what is happening in this photo in terms of kinetic energy and potential energy. Include the energy conversions that occur when the penguins eat fish and climb back up on the glacier. Describe the role of ATP and enzymes in the underlying molecular process, including what happens to the free energy of some of the molecules involved.

Question: Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as __________ is to _________.

  1. exergonic; spontaneous
  2. exergonic; endergonic
  3. free energy; entropy
  4. work;energy

Question: Most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because

  1. heat does not involve a transfer of energy
  2. cells do not have much thermal energy; they are relatively cool
  3. temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell
  4. heat can never be used o do work

Question: Using a series of arrows, draw the branched metabolic reaction pathway described by the following statements, and then answer the question at the end. Use red arrows and minus signs to indicate inhibition.

L can form either M or N.

M can form O.

O can form either P or R.

P can form Q.

R can form S.

O inhibits the reaction of L to form M.

Q inhibits the reaction of O to form P.

S inhibits the reaction of O to form R.

Which reaction would prevail if both Q and S were present in the cell in high concentrations?

  1. \({\rm{L}}\, \to {\rm{M}}\)
  2. \({\rm{M}}\, \to {\rm{O}}\)
  3. \({\rm{L}}\, \to {\rm{N}}\)
  4. \({\rm{O}}\, \to {\rm{P}}\)
See all solutions

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