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Chapter 9: Q. 9 (page 250)

A scientist notices that when she adds a small, water soluble molecule to a dish of cells, the cells turn off transcription of a gene. She hypothesizes that the ligand she added binds to a(n) ______ receptor.

a. Intracellular

b. Hormone

c. Enzyme-linked

d. Gated ion channel-linked

Short Answer

Expert verified

The correct answer is (c) Enzyme-linked receptors.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Introduction

Ligand is a molecule or atom that irreversibly binds to a receiving protein molecule known as a receptor.

02

Step 2. Intracellular receptors

The ligands of intracellular receptors are small hydrophobic i.e. water-insoluble molecules.

03

Step 3. Hormone receptors

The ligands of hormone receptors are hormones and they are specific for hormones.

04

Step 4. Enzyme-linked receptors 

They are transmembrane proteins and extracellular ligands bind to them on the extracellular side and thus allowing the hydrophilic molecules to pass.

05

Step 5. Gated ion channel-linked receptors 

The ligands binding to gated ion channel linked receptors are specifically ions and not molecules. These ions are usually sodium, magnesium, calcium or hydrogen.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Cells grown in the laboratory are mixed with a dye molecule that is unable to pass through the plasma membrane. If a ligand is added to the cells, observations show that the dye enters the cells. What type of receptor did the ligand bind to on the cell surface?

A scientist observes a mutation in the transmembrane region of EGFR that eliminates its ability to be stabilized by binding interactions during dimerization after ligand binding. Which hypothesis regarding the effect of this mutation on EGF signaling is most likely to be correct?

a. EGF signaling cascades would be active for longer in the cell.

b. EGF signaling cascades would be active for a shorter period of time in the cell.

c. EGF signaling cascades would not occur.

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The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland is an example of _______________.

a. autocrine signaling

b. paracrine signaling

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Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than paracrine signals because ___________.

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b. the target and signaling cells are close together

c. the ligands are degraded rapidly

d. the ligands don't bind to carrier proteins during transport
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