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Planet Vulcan.Suppose that a planet were discovered between the sun and Mercury, with a circular orbit of radius equal to 2/3 of the average orbit radius of Mercury. What would be the orbital period of such a planet? (Such a planet was once postulated, in part to explain the precession of Mercury鈥檚 orbit. It was even given the name Vulcan, although we now have no evidence that it actually exists. Mercury鈥檚 precession has been explained by general relativity.)

Short Answer

Expert verified

The orbital period of such as planet is 47.85鈥塪补测.

Step by step solution

01

Identification of the given data

The given data can be listed below as follows,

  • The circular orbit of the planet Vulcan is equal to 2/3 of the average orbit radius of Mercury.
02

Significance of Kepler’s third law in deducing the orbital period

This law describes that the orbital period's square of a particular planet is directly proportional to the cubes of "semi-major axes" of the planet's orbit.

The root of the product of the cube of the average orbital radius of Vulcan with the Kepler鈥檚 constant gives the orbital period of Vulcan.

03

Determination of the orbital period of the planet Vulcan

From Kepler鈥檚 third law, the orbital period of Vulcan can be expressed as:

T2=42GMr3

Here, T is the orbital period, and the value of is 3.14. M is the mass of the sun, which is 1.991030鈥塳驳. Moreover, G is the gravitational constant 6.6731011N.m2kg2 , and r is the orbital radius of Vulcan 2/35.791010鈥墂丑颈肠丑鈥塱蝉鈥塨别肠辞尘别鈥3.861010m.

Substituting the values in the above equation, we get

T2=4(3.14)2(3.861010鈥尘)36.6731011N.m2kg21.991030鈥塳驳T2=1.7011013T=4134982.965鈥塻1鈥塰辞耻谤3600鈥塻1鈥塪补测24鈥塰辞耻谤T=47.85鈥塪补测

Thus, the orbital period of such a planet is 47.85鈥塪补测.

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