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Chapter 15: Q2P (page 412)

(I) One liter of air is cooled at constant pressure until its volume is halved, and then it is allowed to expand isothermally back to its original volume. Draw the process on a PV diagram.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The PV diagram of the process is shown below.

Step by step solution

01

Concepts

The process is called isobaric as the pressure is constant.

For the isothermal expansion, the gas follows Boyle's law.

02

Given data

The initial volume of the gas is 1 L.

03

PV diagram 

The volume of the gas becomes 0.5 L at the end of the first compression.

The PV diagram of the process is shown below.

Here, the pressure of the gas decreases during the isothermal expansion.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question:(II) Which will improve the efficiency of a Carnot engine more: a 10 掳C increase in the high-temperature reservoir, or a 10 掳C decrease in the low temperature reservoir? Give detailed results. Can you state a generalization?

Question: (II) In an engine, an almost ideal gas is compressed adiabatically to half its volume. In doing so, 2630 J of work is done on the gas. (a) How much heat flows into or out of the gas? (b) What is the change in internal energy of the gas? (c) Does its temperature rise or fall?

Question: In an isobaric compression of an ideal gas,

(a) no heat flows into the gas.

(b) the internal energy of the gas remains constant.

(c) no work is done on the gas.

(d) work is done on the gas.

(e) work is done by the gas.

Question: (a) At a steam power plant, steam engines work in pairs, the heat output of the first one being the approximate heat input of the second. The operating temperatures of the first are 750掳C and 440掳C, and of the second 415掳C and 270掳C. If the heat of combustion of coal is \({\bf{2}}{\bf{.8 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{\bf{7}}}\;{{\bf{J}} \mathord{\left/{\vphantom {{\bf{J}} {{\bf{kg}}}}} \right.} {{\bf{kg}}}}\) at what rate must coal be burned if the plant is to put out 950 MW of power? Assume the efficiency of the engines is 65% of the ideal (Carnot) efficiency. (b) Water is used to cool the power plant. If the water temperature is allowed to increase by no more than 4.5 C掳, estimate how much water must pass through the plant per hour.

Question:(II) A heat engine exhausts its heat at 340掳C and has a Carnot efficiency of 36%. What exhaust temperature would enable it to achieve a Carnot efficiency of 42%?
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