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Chapter 15: 14Q (page 412)

Question:Suppose a lot of papers are strewn all over the floor; then you stack them neatly. Does this violate the second law of thermodynamics? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified

It doesn鈥檛 violate the second law of thermodynamics.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the second law of thermodynamics 

According to the second law of thermodynamics, a particular system鈥檚 net entropy rises or remains steady in any natural thermodynamic process.

02

Explaining whether collecting a lot of papers strewn all over the floor violate the second law of thermodynamics 

When many papers strewn all over the floor are collected and stacked neatly, some outside source is used to improve the order of the papers. In this case, energy is provided in completing the process, and in doing so, the person鈥檚 entropy becomes more than the entropy of the papers.

Hence, the increase in overall entropy satisfies the second law of thermodynamics.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question:(I) A heat engine鈥檚 high temperature\({T_{\bf{H}}}\)could be ambient temperature, because liquid nitrogen at 77 K could be\({T_{\bf{L}}}\)and is cheap. What would be the efficiency of a Carnot engine that made use of heat transferred from air at room temperature (293 K) to the liquid nitrogen 鈥渇uel鈥�(Fig.15鈥�25)?

(II) Water is stored in an artificial lake created by a dam (Fig. 15鈥�27). The water depth is 48 m at the dam, and a steady flow rate of\({\bf{32}}\;{{\bf{m}}{\bf{3}}}{\bf{/s}}\)is maintained through hydroelectric turbines installed near the base of the dam. How much electrical power can be produced?

FIGURE 15-27 Problem 55

Question: (II) A 1.0-L volume of air initially at 3.5 atm of (gauge) pressure is allowed to expand isothermally until the pressure is 1.0 atm. It is then compressed at constant pressure to its initial volume, and lastly is brought back to its original pressure by heating at constant volume. Draw the process on a PV diagram, including numbers and labels for the axes.

An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal process. Which of the following statements are true? (i) No heat is added to or removed from the gas. (ii) The internal energy of the gas does not change. (iii) The average kinetic energy of the molecules does not change.

(a) (i) only.

(b) (i) and (ii) only.

(c) (i) and (iii) only.

(d) (ii) and (iii) only.

(e) (i), (ii), and (iii).

(f) None of the above.

A Carnot engine operates with\({T_L} = {\bf{20^\circ C}}\)and has an efficiency of 25%. By how many kelvins should the high operating temperature\({T_H}\)be increased to achieve an efficiency of 35%?
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