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Chapter 10: 6CQ (page 413)
why is covalent bonding directional, while ionic bonding is not?
Because electrons are shared unequally among different elements.
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Section 10.6 notes that as causes of resistance, ionic vibrations give way to lattice imperfections at around 10 K. A typical spring constant between atoms in a solid is or order of magnitude and typical spacing is nominally . Estimate how much the vibrating atoms locations might deviate, as a function of their normal separations, at 10 K.
In Figure 10.24, the band n = 1 ends at , while in Figure 10.27 it ends at. Are these compatible? If so, how?
The resistivity of the silver is at room temperature of (300 K), while that of silicon is about
(a) Show that this disparity follows, at least to a rough order of magnitude from the approximate 1 eV band gap in silicon.
(b) What would you expect for the room temperature resistivity of diamond, which has a band gap of about 5 eV.
The diagram shows a bridge rectifier circuit. A sinusoidal input voltage is fed into four identical diodes. each represented by the standard diode circuit symbol. The symbol indicates the direction of conventional current flow through the diode. The plots show input and output voltages versus time. Note that the output voltage is strictly in one direction. Explain
(a) how this circuit produces the unidirectional output voltage it does, and
(b) what features in the output plot indicate that the band gap of the diodes is about half an electronvolt, (It might seem that about one volt is correct, but consider how many diodes are on and in series at any given instant. In fact, although not the usual habit, it might be more accurate to plot the output voltage shifted upward relative to the input.)
Carry out the integration indicated in equation (10.10)
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