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Chapter 2: Q3Q (page 81)

Question: You observe three carts moving to the left. Cart A moves to the left at nearly constant speed. Cart B moves to the left, gradually speeding up. Cart C moves to the left, gradually slowing down. Which cart or carts, if any, experience a net force to the left?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

Cart B experiences a net force to the left.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of the Net force

The net force, also known as the resultant force, is the sum of all available forces acting on an item at the same time. The net forces can be expressed in terms of Newton.

02

Finding the cart having a net force acting to the left

  • Cart 'A' accelerates to the left at a near-constant rate.
  • Cart 'B' accelerates as it advances to the left.
  • Cart 鈥楥' moves to the left, swooping down gradually.
  • The net force acting on a particular object moving at constant speed is zero. Hence there is no net force acting on cart 'A' toward the left.
  • When the item's velocity and force are in the same direction, the object will accelerate.
  • Because Cart B is speeding up and travelling to the left, there is a net force operating on the cart 'B' to the left.
  • When the velocity and force directions are opposite, the item slows down.
  • Because the cart C is slowing down and travelling to the left, there is a net force operating on Cart 'C' to the right.

Thus, the Cart 鈥楤鈥� is the cart that is being pushed to the left by the net force.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A person of mass 70 kgrides on a Ferris wheel whose radius is 4 m . The person's speed is constant at 0.3 m/s . The person's location is shown by a dot in Figure 5.78 .

(a) What is the magnitude of the rate of change of the momentum of the person at the instant shown?

(b) What is the direction of the rate of change of momentum of the person at the instant shown?

(c) What is the magnitude of the net force acting on the person at the instant shown? Draw the net force vector on the diagram at this instant, with the tail of the vector on the person.

A carbon resistor is 5 mm long and has a constant cross section of 0.2mm2.The conductivity of carbon at room temperature is 蟽=3脳104perohm-m.In a circuit its potential at one end of the resistor is 12 V relative to ground, and at the other end the potential is 15 V. Calculate the resistance Rand the current I (b) A thin copper wire in this circuit is 5 mm long and has a constant cross section of 0.2mm2.The conductivity of copper at room temperature is蟽=6脳107ohm-1m-1 .The copper wire is in series with the carbon resistor, with one end connected to the 15 V end of the carbon resistor, and the current you calculated in part (a) runs through the carbon resistor wire. Calculate the resistance Rof the copper wire and the potential Vatendat the other end of the wire.

You can see that for most purposes a thick copper wire in a circuit would have practically a uniform potential. This is because the small drift speed in a thick, high-conductivity copper wire requires only a very small electric field, and the integral of this very small field creates a very small potential difference along the wire.

We will consider the possibility that a free electron acted on by an electric field could gain enough energy to ionize an air molecule in a collision. (a) Consider an electron that starts from rest in a region where there is an electric field (due to some charged objects nearby) whose magnitude is nearly constant. If the electron travels a distance dand the magnitude of the electric field is E,what isthe potential difference through which the electron travels? (Pay attention to signs: Is the electron traveling with the electric field or opposite to the electric field?) (b) What is the change in potential energy of the system in this process? (c) What is the change in the kinetic energy of the electron in this process? (d) We found the mean free path of an electron in air to be about 5脳10-7鈥�m, and in the previous question you calculated the energy required to knock an electron out of an atom. What is the magnitude of the electric field that would be required in order for an electron to gain sufficient kinetic energy to ionize a nitrogen molecule? (e) The electric field required to cause a spark in air is observed to be about 3脳106鈥�V/mat STP. What is the ratio of the magnitude of the field you calculated in the previous part to the observed value at STP? (f) What is it reasonable to conclude about this model of how air becomes ionized? (1) Since we used accurate numbers, this is a huge discrepancy, and the model is wrong. (2) Considering the approximations we made, this is pretty good agreement, and the model may be correct.

Consider the three experiments described in Problem 30. Figure 2.58 displays four graphs of Fnet, x, the x component of the net force acting on the cart, vs. time. The graphs start when the cart is at rest, and end when the cart is again at rest. Match the experiment with the graph

You drop a piece of paper, and observe that it eventually falls at a constant speed. Which of the following statements about this situation is based on a fundamental physics principle? (a) Because the paper is moving downward, we know that it experiences a nonzero net downward force. (b) Since the momentum of the paper does not change from one instant to the next, P鈫�future=P鈫�now, and therefore the net force on the paper must be zero. (2) You give a push to a toy car, which rolls away smoothly on a wooden floor. Why does the car keep moving after your hand is no longer touching it? (a) The momentum of the car just after it leaves your hand reflects the total impulse given to the car by your hand. (b) Your hand continues to exert a force on the car even after the car and hand no longer touch.
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