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Chapter 8: Q5Q (page 344)
If you double the amplitude, what happens to the frequency in a classical (non quantum) harmonic oscillator? In a quantum harmonic oscillator?
Frequency will remain unchanged in case of classical (non quantum) harmonic oscillator, as well as in case of harmonic oscillator on doubling the amplitude.
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The photon energy for green light lies between the values for red and violet light. What is the approximate energy of the photons in green light? The intensity of sunlight above the Earth鈥檚 atmosphere is about 1400 W (J/s) per square meter. That is, when sunlight hits perpendicular to a square meter of area, about 1400 W of energy can be absorbed. Using the photon energy of green light, about how many photons per second strike an area of one square meter? (This is why the lumpiness of light was not noticed for so long.)
A certain material is kept at very low temperature. It is observed that when photons with energies between 0.2 and 0.9 eV strike the material, only photons of 0.4 eV and 0.7 eV are absorbed. Next, the material is warmed up so that it starts to emit photons. When it has been warmed up enough that 0.7 eV photons begin to be emitted, what other photon energies are also observed to be emitted by the material? Explain briefly.
A hot bar of iron glows a dull red. Using our simple ball-spring model of a solid (Figure 8.23), answer the following questions,explaining in detail the processes involved. You will need to make some rough estimates of atomic properties based on prior work. (a) What is the approximate energy of the lowest-energy spectral emission line? Give a numerical value. (b) What is the approximate energy of the highest-energy spectral emission line? Give a numerical value. (c) What is the quantum number of the highest-energy occupied state? (d) Predict the energies of two other lines in the emission spectrum of the glowing iron bar. (Note: Our simple model is too simple-the actual spectrum is more complicated. However, this simple analysis gets at some important aspects of the phenomenon.)
Match the description of a process with the corresponding arrow in figure 8.38: (a) Absorption of a photon whose energy is . (b) Absorption from an excited state (a rare event at ordinary temperatures). (c) Emission of a photon whose energy is . (d) Emission of a photon whose energy is . (e) In drawing arrows to represent energy transitions, which of the following statement are correct. (1) it doesn鈥檛 matter in which direction you draw the arrow as long as it connects the initial and final states. (2) For emission, the arrow points down. (3) For absorption, the arrow points up. (4) The tail of the arrow is drawn on the initial state. (5) The head of the arrow is drawn on the final state. (6) It is not necessary to draw and arrowhead.
How many different photon energies would emerge from a collection of hydrogen atoms that occupy the lowest four energy states ? (You need not calculate the energies of each states.
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