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Chapter 14: Q32P (page 581)

Which statements about a neutral atom are correct? Select all that apply. (1) A neutral atom is composed of positively and negatively charged particles. (2) The positively charged particles in the nucleus are positrons. (3) The electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. (4) Positively charged protons are located in the tiny, massive nucleus. (5) The radius of the electron cloud is twice as large as the radius of the nucleus. (6) The negatively charged electrons are spread out in a "cloud" around the nucleus.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

The statement 1, 3, 4 and 6 are correct.

Step by step solution

01

Significance of the neutral atom

When an atom has equal numbers of electrons and protons, the electric charge of that atom is zero, so it is said to be a neutral atom.

02

Determination of the correct statement

Statement 2 states that the positively charged particles in the nucleus are positrons. However, this statement is incorrect as the positively charged particles are protons.

Statement 5 states that the radius of the electron cloud is twice as large as the radius of the nucleus. This statement is incorrect as the electron cloud鈥檚 radius is abouttimes of the nucleus鈥� radius.

Statement 1 states that a neutral atom consists of positive and negative charged particles. This statement is correct as both the protons and electrons are there in the neutral atom.

Statement 3 states that the electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. This statement is correct as the electrons are negatively charged; they get attracted to the positively charged particles due to the law of attraction.

Statement 4 states that the positively charged protons are located in the tiny, massive nucleus. This statement is correct as the protons and the electrons are inside the nucleus.

Statement 6 states that the negatively charged electrons are spread out in a 鈥渃loud鈥� around the nucleus. The statement is correct as the electrons and the protons makes a cloud around the nucleus.

Thus, the statement 1, 3, 4 and 6 are correct.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Criticize the following statement: "Since an atom's electron cloud is spherical, the effect of the electrons cancels the effect of the nucleus, so a neutral atom can't interact with a charged object." ("Criticize" means to explain why the given statement is inadequate or incorrect, as well as to correct it.)

You have three metal blocks marked A, B, and C, sitting on insulating stands. Block A is charged, but blocks B and C are neutral (Figure 14.76).

Without using any additional equipment and without altering the amount of charge on block A, explain how you could make block B be chargedand block C be charged. Explain your procedure in detail, including diagrams of the charge distributions at each step in the process.

This question focuses on reasoning about equilibrium inside the nickel block shown in Figure 14.92. Start with these premises:

  • The definition of equilibrium inside a conductor and
  • The relationship between average drift speed and electric field

in a conductor to reason about which situations are possibleinside the nickel block at equilibrium. Some of the situations listed below are possible, some are ruled out by one premise, and some are ruled out by two premises. If a situation is ruled out by two premises, choose both.

Case 1:\({\bf{\bar v = 0}}\)and \({{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}{\bf{ = 0}}\) (1) Possible, (2) Not possible by definition of equilibrium, (3) Not possible because \({\bf{\bar v = u}}{{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}\)

Case 2:\({\bf{\bar v = 0}}\)and \({{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}{\bf{ > 0}}\) (1) Possible, (2) Not possible by definition of equilibrium, (3) Not possible because \({\bf{\bar v = u}}{{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}\)

Case 3:\({\bf{\bar v > 0}}\)and \({{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}{\bf{ = 0}}\) (1) Possible, (2) Not possible by definition of equilibrium, (3) Not possible because \({\bf{\bar v = u}}{{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}\)

Case 4:\({\bf{\bar v > 0}}\)and \({{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}{\bf{ > 0}}\) (1) Possible, (2) Not possible by definition of equilibrium, (3) Not possible because \({\bf{\bar v = u}}{{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}\)

Now that you have considered each case, in equilibrium, which one is the only situation that is physically possible? (1) Case 1, (2) Case 2, (3) Case 3, (4) Case 4

You observe that a negatively charged plastic pen repels a charged piece of invisible tape. You then observe that the same piece of tape is repelled when brought near a metal sphere. You are wearing rubber-soled shoes, and you touch the metal sphere with your hand. After you touch the metal sphere, you observe that the tape is attracted to the metal sphere. Which of the following statements could be true? Check all that apply. (1) Electrons from the sphere traveled through your body into the Earth. (2) Electrons from the sphere moved into the salt water on your skin, where they reacted with sodium ions. (3) After you touched it, the metal sphere was very nearly neutral. (4) Chloride ions from the salt water on your hand moved onto the sphere. (5) The excess negative charge from the sphere spread out all over your body. (6) Electrons from your hand moved onto the sphere. (7) Sodium ions from the salt water on your hand moved onto the sphere.

Which of the following are true? Select all that apply. (1) In equilibrium, there is no net flow of mobile charged particles inside a conductor. (2) The electric field from an external charge cannot penetrate to the center of a block of iron. (3) The net electric field inside a block of aluminum is zero under all circumstances. (4) If the net electric field at a particular location inside a piece of metal is not zero, the metal is not in equilibrium. (5) The net electric field at any location inside a block of copper is zero if the copper block is in equilibrium.
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