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Chapter 10: Q8Q (page 410)
What properties of the alpha particle and the gold nucleus in the original Rutherford experiment were responsible for the collisions being elastic collisions?
The property that both the nuclei remained in their ground states
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A spring has an unstretched length of 0.32 m. a block with mass 0.2 kg is hung at rest from the spring, and the spring becomes 0.4 mlong.Next the spring is stretched to a length of 0.43 mand the block is released from rest. Air resistance is negligible.
(a) How long does it take for the block to return to where it was released? (b) Next the block is again positioned at rest, hanging from the spring (0.4 m long) as shown in Figure 10.43. A bullet of mass 0.003 kg traveling at a speed of 200 m/s straight upward buries itself in the block, which then reaches a maximum height above its original position. What is the speed of the block immediately after the bullet hits? (c) Now write an equation that could be used to determine how high the block goes after being hit by the bullet (a height h), but you need not actually solve for h.
Under what conditions is the momentum of a system constant? Can the component of momentum be constant even if the component is changing? In what circumstances? Give an example of such behavior.
A bullet of mass 0.102 kg traveling horizontally at a speed of 300 m/s embeds itself in a block of mass 3.5 kg that is sitting at rest on a nearly frictionless surface. (a) What is the speed of the block after the bullet embeds itself in the block? (b) Calculate the kinetic energy of the bullet plus the block before the collision. (c) Calculate the kinetic energy of the bullet plus the block after the collision. (d) Was this collision elastic or inelastic? (e) Calculate the rise in internal energy of the bullet plus block as a result of the collision.
A car moving east at 30m/s runs head-on into a 3000 kg truck moving west at 20m/s. The vehicles stick together. Use the concept of the centre of momentum frame to determine how much kinetic energy is lost.
A hydrogen atom is at rest, in the first excited state, when it emits a photon of energy 10.2 eV. (a) What is the speed of the ground-state hydrogen atom when it recoils due to the photon emission? Remember that the magnitude of the momentum of a photon of energy E is p = E/c. Make the initial assumption that the kinetic energy of the recoiling atom is negligible compared to the photon energy. (b) Calculate the kinetic energy of the recoiling atom. Is this kinetic energy indeed negligible compared to the photon energy?
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