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Chapter 15: Problem 31

Name the following polymer(s) that would be suitable for the fabrication of cups to contain hot coffee: polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), PET polyester, and polycarbonate. Why?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: PET polyester and polycarbonate are the most suitable polymers for making cups to contain hot coffee. Both have good chemical resistance, high thermal resistance, and high impact strength, making them ideal for holding hot beverages without deforming or breaking. Polypropylene could potentially be used, but PET polyester and polycarbonate are more suitable due to their higher thermal resistance.

Step by step solution

01

List the properties of each polymer in brief

Polyethylene: Low cost, good chemical resistance, low melting point (80-130掳C) Polypropylene: Good chemical resistance, good thermal resistance, melting point (130-170掳C) Poly(vinyl chloride): Good chemical resistance, good thermal resistance, but toxic when heated PET polyester: Good chemical resistance, good thermal resistance, melting point (250-260掳C) Polycarbonate: Good chemical resistance, excellent thermal resistance, high impact strength, melting point (267鈥�327掳C)
02

Eliminate polymers with low melting points

Since hot coffee has a temperature of about 80鈥�90掳C, we can eliminate polyethylene due to its low melting point, which would make the cup soften or deform when holding hot coffee.
03

Eliminate polymers with toxic properties when heated

Poly(vinyl chloride) releases toxic fumes when heated, which is not ideal for a hot coffee cup. Thus, we exclude poly(vinyl chloride) from the list of suitable polymers.
04

Consider thermal resistance and other properties

Both PET polyester and Polycarbonate have good thermal resistance, with melting points (250-260掳C) and (267鈥�327掳C) respectively, making them suitable for holding hot coffee. Additionally, both have good chemical resistance and high impact strength, which are ideal properties for a coffee cup (preventing cracking or shattering).
05

Select the most suitable polymer(s)

Based on the properties discussed above, the best polymers for fabricating cups to contain hot coffee would be the PET polyester and polycarbonate. Both have good chemical resistance, high thermal resistance, and high impact strength, making them ideal for holding hot coffee without deforming or breaking. Polypropylene could potentially be used, but PET polyester and polycarbonate are more suitable due to their better thermal resistance.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Cite five important characteristics for polymers that are to be used in thin- film applications.

For each of the following pairs of polymers, do the following: (1) state whether it is possible to decide whether one polymer has a higher tensile strength than the other; (2) if this is possible, note which has the higher tensile strength and then cite the reason(s) for your choice; and (3) if it is not possible to decide, then state why. (a) Syndiotactic polystyrene having a numberaverage molecular weight of \(600,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\); atactic polystyrene having a number-average molecular weight of \(500,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) (b) Random acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer with \(10 \%\) of possible sites crosslinked; block acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer with \(5 \%\) of possible sites crosslinked (d) Network polyester; lightly branched polypropylene

The vulcanization of polyisoprene is accomplished with sulfur atoms according to Equation 15.4. If \(57 \mathrm{wt} \%\) sulfur is combined with polyisoprene, how many crosslinks will be associated with each isoprene repeat unit if it is assumed that, on the average, six sulfur atoms participate in each crosslink?

Briefly explain how each of the following influences the tensile or yield strength of a semicrystalline polymer and why: (a) Molecular weight (b) Degree of crystallinity (c) Deformation by drawing (d) Annealing of an undeformed material

(a) Contrast the manner in which stress relaxation and viscoelastic creep tests are conducted. (b) For each of these tests, cite the experimental parameter of interest and how it is determined.
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