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Solve Equation 9.13 to second order in perturbation theory, for the general case ca(0)=a,cb(0)=bca=-ihH'abe-颈蝇0tcb,cb=-ihH'bae-颈蝇0tca

(9.13).

Short Answer

Expert verified

The second order perturbation theory for the equation is

c(2)(t)=-ibh0tHabc(tc)e-i0tcdtc-h20tHabc(tc)e-i0tc0tcHbac(tcc)ei0tccdtccdtccb(2)(t)=b-iah0tHabc(t)ei0tcdtc-bh20tHabc(t)ei0tcdtc0tcHbac(tcc)e-i0tccdtccdtc

Step by step solution

01

Concept.

Consider a time dependent potential, we can solve the Schrodinger equation for this potential in a two state system if we split the Hamiltonian into a time independent part Hand time dependent part H', that is:

H=H+H1

This is done in the section 9.1 to get the solution.

02

Solving the given equation to second order perturbation theory

Wehave,Zeroorder:c(0)(t)=,cb(0)(t)=bThecoefficientsaresolutionsofthecouplesODEs,thatis:Theequation9.13isc.a=-iHab'e-i0tcb,c.b=-iHab'e-i0tcFirstorder;c.a=-iHab'e-颈蝇0tbc(1)(t)=-ib0tHab'(t)e-颈蝇0tdt'c.a=-iHab'e-颈蝇0tcb(1)(t)=b-颈伪0tHab'(t)e-颈蝇0tdt'Secondorder:c.a=-iHab'e-颈蝇0tb-颈伪0tHab'(t)e-颈蝇0tdt'c(2)(t)=-ibHab'(t)e-颈蝇0tdt'-20tHab'(t)e-颈蝇0tdt'0tHba'(t)e-颈蝇0tdt'dt'Togetcbjustswitchab(whichentailsalsochangingthesignof0)cb(2)(t)=b-iaHba'(t')e颈蝇0tdt'-b20tHab'(t')e颈蝇0tdt'0tHba'(t')e-颈蝇0tdt'dt'

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Most popular questions from this chapter

You could derive the spontaneous emission rate (Equation 11.63) without the detour through Einstein鈥檚 A and B coefficients if you knew the ground state energy density of the electromagnetic field P0()for then it would simply be a case of stimulated emission (Equation 11.54). To do this honestly would require quantum electrodynamics, but if you are prepared to believe that the ground state consists of one photon in each classical mode, then the derivation is very simple:

(a) Replace Equation 5.111by localid="1658381580036" N0=dkand deduce P0() (Presumably this formula breaks down at high frequency, else the total "vacuum energy" would be infinite ... but that's a story for a different day.)

(b) Use your result, together with Equation 9.47, to obtain the spontaneous emission rate. Compare Equation 9.56.

Calculate the lifetime (in seconds) for each of the four n = 2 states of hydrogen. Hint: You鈥檒l need to evaluate matrix elements of the form <100x200>,<100y211>, and so on. Remember that role="math" localid="1658303993600" x=r蝉颈苍胃肠辞蝉,y=r蝉颈苍胃蝉颈苍andz=r肠辞蝉胃. Most of these integrals are zero, so inspect them closely before you start calculating. Answer: 1.6010-9seconds for all except role="math" localid="1658304185040" 200, which is infinite.

The half-life of (t1/2)an excited state is the time it would take for half the atoms in a large sample to make a transition. Find the relation betweenrole="math" localid="1658300900358" t1/2andT(the 鈥渓ife time鈥 of the state).

Develop time-dependent perturbation theory for a multi-level system, starting with the generalization of Equations 9.1 and 9.2:

H^0n=Enn,鈥夆赌夆赌nm=nm (9.79)

At time t = 0 we turn on a perturbation H'(t)so that the total Hamiltonian is

H^=H^0+H^'(t)(9.80).

(a) Generalize Equation 9.6 to read

(t)=ca(t)aeiEat/+cb(t)beiEbt/(9.81).

and show that

cm=incnHmn'ei(EmEn)t/ (9.82).

Where

Hmn'm|H^'|n (9.83).

(b) If the system starts out in the state N, show that (in first-order perturbation theory)

cN(t)1i0tHNN'(t')dt'(9.84).

and

cm(t)i0tHmN'(t')ei(EmEN)t'/dt',鈥夆赌夆赌(mN)(9.85).

(c) For example, supposeH^'is constant (except that it was turned on at t = 0 , and switched off again at some later time . Find the probability of transition from state N to state M (MN),as a function of T. Answer:

4|HMN'|2sin2[(ENEM)T/2](ENEM)2 (9.86).

(d) Now supposeH^'is a sinusoidal function of timeH^'=Vcos(t): Making the usual assumptions, show that transitions occur only to states with energy EM=EN, and the transition probability is

PNM=|VMN|2sin2[(ENEM)T/2](ENEM)2 (9.87).

(e) Suppose a multi-level system is immersed in incoherent electromagnetic radiation. Using Section 9.2.3 as a guide, show that the transition rate for stimulated emission is given by the same formula (Equation 9.47) as for a two-level system.

Rba=302||2(0)Rb (9.47).

For the examples inProblem 11.24(c) and (d), calculate cm(t)to first order. Check the normalization condition:

m|cmt|2=1,

and comment on any discrepancy. Suppose you wanted to calculate the probability of remaining in the original state N ; would you do better to use |cNt|2,or1-mN|cmt|2 ?

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