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Chapter 17: Q68P (page 510)
The shock wave off the cockpit of the FA 18 in Figure has an angle of aboutThe airplane was traveling at aboutwhen the photograph was taken. Approximately what was the speed of sound at the airplane鈥檚 altitude?
The speed of the sound at airplane鈥檚 altitude is
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Straight lineconnects two point sources that are apart, emit sound waves of the same amplitude, and emit exactly out of phase. (a) What is the shortest distance between the midpoint of and a point onwhere the interfering waves cause maximum oscillation of the air molecules? What are the (b) second and (c) third shortest distances?
Party hearing. As the number of people at a party increases, you must raise your voice for a listener to hear you against the background noise of the other partygoers. However, once you reach the level of yelling, the only way you can be heard is if you move closer to your listener, into the listener鈥檚 鈥減ersonal space.鈥� Model the situation by replacing you with an isotropic point source of fixed power and replacing your listener with a point that absorbs part of your sound waves. These points are initially separated by . If the background noise increases by , the sound level at your listener must also increase. What separation is then required?
Four sound waves are to be sent through the same tube of air, in the same direction:
What is the amplitude of the resultant wave? (Hint:Use a phasor diagram to simplify the problem.)
A sperm whale (Fig. 17-44a) vocalizes by producing a series of clicks. Actually, the whale makes only a single sound near the front of its head to start the series. Part of that sound then emerges from the head into the water to become the first click of the series. The rest of the sound travels backward through the spermaceti sac (a body of fat), reflects from the frontal sac (an air layer), and then travels forward through the spermaceti sac. When it reaches the distal sac (another air layer) at the front of the head, some of the sound escapes into the water to form the second click, and the rest is sent back through the spermaceti sac (and ends up forming later clicks).
Figure 17-44bshows a strip-chart recording of a series of clicks. A unit time interval ofis indicated on the chart. Assuming that the speed of sound in the spermaceti sac is, find the length of the spermaceti sac. From such a calculation, marine scientists estimate the length of a whale from its click series.
Pipe Ahas length Land one open end. Pipe Bhas length 2L and two open ends. Which harmonics of pipe Bhave a frequencythat matches a resonant frequency of pipe A?
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