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Chapter 37: Problem 6

What are the approximate relative magnitudes of the energies associated with electronic excitation of a molecule, with molecular vibration, and with molecular rotation?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The relative energies associated with electronic excitation, molecular vibration, and molecular rotation generally follow this trend: electronic excitation energies > molecular vibration energies > molecular rotation energies.

Step by step solution

01

Defining the Concepts

Electronic excitation of a molecule refers to the energy required to excite an electron from a lower energy level to a higher one. Molecular vibration is an oscillatory motion of the atoms in a molecule, while molecular rotation refers to the rotational motion of the molecule as a whole.
02

Comparing the Energies

In general, electronic excitations involve the highest energies, followed by molecular vibrations, and then molecular rotations. This is due to the fact that the forces holding electrons in place are significantly stronger than those involved in either molecular vibrations or rotations. Hence, moving an electron to a higher energy level requires a significantly larger amount of energy.
03

Solving for Approximate Relative Magnitudes

While the precise amounts of energy involved in these processes will vary depending on the specific molecule and conditions, we can say that generally, electronic excitations are on the order of \[10^5\] to \[10^6\] Joules, molecular vibrations are typically on the order of \[10^2\] to \[10^3\] Joules, and molecular rotations involve the least energy, on the order of \[10^{-2}\] to \[10^{-1}\] Joules

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Biological macro molecules are complex structures that exhibit many more vibrational modes than the diatomic molecules considered in this chapter. DNA has a low-frequency "breathing" mode whose associated photon wavelength is \(330 \mu \mathrm{m}\). Find the corresponding (a) frequency and (b) photon energy in eV.

The Fermi temperature is defined by equating the thermal energy \(k T\) to the Fermi energy, where \(k\) is Boltzmann's constant. Calculate the Fermi temperature for silver, for which \(E_{\mathrm{F}}=5.48 \mathrm{eV}\) and compare it with room temperature.

Why do ionically bonded materials have high melting points?

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions is what binds atoms in an ionic molecule. Is the electric force involved in covalent bonding? Explain,

Why does the size of the band gap determine whether a material is an insulator or a semiconductor?
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