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Chapter 37: Problem 5

Is it useful to think of the highest-energy electrons as "belonging" to individual atoms in an ionically bonded molecule? In a covalently bonded molecule?

Short Answer

Expert verified
In an ionically bonded molecule, one can conceptually think of the highest-energy electrons as 'belonging' to the individual atoms that have gained them. However, in a covalently bonded molecule, these electrons are shared, and are more accurately described as 'belonging' to the entire molecule, not just one atom.

Step by step solution

01

Ionic Bonds

In ionic bonds, atoms with low electronegativity (typically metals) transfer their valence electrons to atoms with high electronegativity (typically non-metals) to achieve stable electron configurations. Once the electrons are transferred, they are now associated with the receiving atom, which forms a negative ion, while the donating atom becomes a positive ion. These ions are held together by electrostatic forces. The highest-energy electrons (the transferred electrons) are often thought of as now 'belonging' to the atom that received them.
02

Covalent Bonds

In covalent bonds, atoms (typically non-metals) share valence electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration. The shared electrons contribute to the stability of both atoms involved as they spend time in the electron clouds of both atoms. In this model, the highest-energy electrons (the shared electrons) cannot be claimed to 'belong' exclusively to one atom or the other, but rather they 'belong' to the entire molecule.

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