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Chapter 16: Problem 11

Glass and fiberglass are made from the same material, yet have dramatically different thermal conductivities. Why?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Although glass and fiberglass are made from the same base material, their different structures result in different thermal conductivities. Glass, which forms a continuous solid structure upon cooling, conducts heat better than fiberglass, where the strands and trapped air reduce its ability to conduct heat, effectively insulating against thermal conduction.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity is a property that describes how well a material conducts heat. It depends on how tightly the atoms or molecules of the material are packed together and how they are bonded.
02

Structure of Glass and Fiberglass

Glass and fiberglass are both made from molten sand. However, when glass cools, it forms a continuous solid structure, with the atoms closely bonded and tightly packed together. On the other hand, fiberglass is made by forcing molten glass through tiny holes, creating thin strands that are bonded together with a space-filling material. These strands create pockets of trapped air within the structure.
03

Comparison of Thermal Conductivities

Glass, with its tightly packed and closely bonded structure, conducts heat readily. On the other hand, the arrangement of fiberglass strands and the trapped air reduce its ability to conduct heat. The air pockets in fiberglass effectively insulate against heat conduction because air is a poor conductor of heat.

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