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Chapter 16: Problem 7

A Thermos bottle consists of an evacuated, double-wall glass liner, coated with a thin layer of aluminum. How does it keep liquids hot?

Short Answer

Expert verified
A Thermos bottle keeps liquids hot by using thermal insulation, an evacuated double-wall structure to minimize heat conduction and convection, a reflective aluminum layer to reduce heat radiation, and a tight seal to prevent heat loss.

Step by step solution

01

Thermal Insulation

A Thermos bottle keeps contents hot by using a system of thermal insulation. This essentially reduces the transfer of heat either from outside to inside the bottle or vice versa.
02

Evacuated Double-Wall

The Thermos has a double-wall structure with the space between the walls evacuated, meaning it's devoid of air. Heat transfers through the processes of conduction, convection, and radiation. By creating a vacuum between the walls, conduction and convection are minimized because these require matter (like air) to transfer heat.
03

Reflective Aluminum Layer

The interior walls of the Thermos are coated with a thin layer of reflective aluminum. This coating helps to prevent heat transfer by radiation. The aluminum reflects radiative heat back to its source, rather than absorbing it and letting it pass to the other side.
04

Cap of the Thermos

Lastly, the Thermos has a cap or seal to prevent heat loss to the environment. If open, heat would transfer from hot liquid to cooler air (or vice versa) through convection. A tight seal stops this process.

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