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Chapter 16: Problem 10

After a calm, cold night, the temperature a few feet above ground often drops just as the Sun comes up. Explain in terms of convection.

Short Answer

Expert verified
In the calm, cold night, the warmth from the ground rises to cure the cold air, making the temperature above it warmer due to convection. By morning, the warmth has already risen leaving behind cooler air. When the Sun comes up, it takes some time to heat up the ground which in turn would heat up the air above it. So, there is a momentary drop in temperature a few feet above the ground just as the Sun comes up.

Step by step solution

01

Understand heat flow and convection

In the context of this problem, convection refers to the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid (in this case, air). Heat flows from a higher temperature area to a lower temperature one. So at night, the heat from the ground moves to the cold air above it, warming up the air.
02

Contextualize to the given problem

Consider a calm, cold night when the ground loses its heat to the cold air above it. Due to convection, the warmer air rises. Because the night is calm, there is minimal wind to replace the warmed air that has risen.
03

Connect to sunrise

As the Sun comes up in the morning, the first rays of sunlight hit the ground and the ground starts to warm up. However, the air a few feet above the ground is still cool because the warmed air from the night before has already risen to a higher altitude and was not replaced by warmer air due to absence of wind.
04

Conclude

So when the Sun comes up, the temperature a few feet above the ground often drops. This happens because the warm air has already risen, leaving behind cooler air. And since there is no immediate replacement of warm air from the ground (because the Sun has just come up and the ground is not yet warm enough to immediately heat the air above it), we observe a drop in temperature.

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