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Chapter 4: Q17CQ (page 160)

Describe a situation in which one system exerts a force on another and, as a consequence, experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Which of Newton鈥檚 laws of motion apply?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The firing of a bullet through a rifle is an example where Newton鈥檚 Third Law of Motion comes into the picture.

Step by step solution

01

Concept of Newton’s third law of motion

Newton鈥檚 Third Law of Motion states that whenever a body exerts a force on another body, the first body experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that it exerts.

02

Situation where Newton’s Third Law of Motion comes into action

Take the case of firing through a rifle. When the bullet is fired, the rifle pushes forward on the bullet through a gunpowder explosion. As the rifle pushes the bullet, the bullet pushes backward upon the rifle. So, the bullet and the rifle form an action-reaction pair.

In the above case, the force exerted by the rifle on the bullet is exerted back by the bullet, which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain, in terms of the properties of the four basic forces, why people notice the gravitational force acting on their bodies if it is such a comparatively weak force.

Suppose two children push horizontally, but in exactly opposite directions, on a third child in a wagon. The first child exerts a force of 75.0 N, the second a force of 90.0 N, friction is 12.0 N, and the mass of the third child plus wagon is 23.0 kg.

(a) What is the system of interest if the acceleration of the child in the wagon is to be calculated?

(b) Draw a free-body diagram, including all forces acting on the system.

(c) Calculate the acceleration.

(d) What would the acceleration be if friction were 15.0 N?

Suppose the mass of a fully loaded module in which astronauts take off from the Moon is 10,000 kg. The thrust of its engines is 30,000 N.

(a) Calculate its the magnitude of acceleration in a vertical takeoff from the Moon.

(b) Could it lift off from Earth? If not, why not? If it could, calculate the magnitude of its acceleration.

(a) If the rocket sled shown in Figure 4.32 starts with only one rocket burning, what is the magnitude of its acceleration? Assume that the mass of the system is 2100 kg, the thrust T is 2.4脳104 N, and the force of friction opposing the motion is known to be 650 N.

(b) Why is the acceleration not one-fourth of what it is with all rockets burning?

An American football lineman reasons that it is senseless to try to out-push the opposing player, since no matter how hard he pushes he will experience an equal and opposite force from the other player. Use Newton鈥檚 laws and draw a free-body diagram of an appropriate system to explain how he can still out-push the opposition if he is strong enough.
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