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Chapter 4: Q13CQ (page 160)
If a constant, nonzero force is applied to an object, what can you say about the velocity and acceleration of the object?
With the application of nonzero force, the velocity of the object changes, and the object accelerates.
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To simulate the apparent weightlessness of space orbit, astronauts are trained in the hold of a cargo aircraft that is accelerating downward at g. Why will they appear to be weightless, as measured by standing on a bathroom scale, in this accelerated frame of reference? Is there any difference between their apparent weightlessness in orbit and in the aircraft?
What is the relationship between weight and mass? Which is an intrinsic, unchanging property of a body?
A freight train consists of two 8.00脳104 -kg engines and 45 cars with average masses of 5.50脳104 kg.
(a) What force must each engine exert backward on the track to accelerate the train at a rate of 5.00脳10鈥�2 m/s2 if the force of friction is 7.50脳105 N, assuming the engines exert identical forces? This is not a large frictional force for such a massive system. Rolling friction for trains is small, and consequently trains are very energy-efficient transportation systems.
(b) What is the force in the coupling between the 37th and 38th cars (this is the force each exerts on the other), assuming all cars have the same mass and that friction is evenly distributed among all of the cars and engines?
Figure 4.39 shows Superhero and Trusty Sidekick hanging motionless from a rope. Superhero鈥檚 mass is 90.0 kg, while Trusty Sidekick鈥檚 is 55.0 kg, and the mass of the rope is negligible.
(a) Draw a free-body diagram of the situation showing all forces acting on Superhero, Trusty Sidekick, and the rope.
(b) Find the tension in the rope above Superhero.
(c) Find the tension in the rope between Superhero and Trusty Sidekick. Indicate on your free-body diagram the system of interest used to solve each part.
Consider the baby being weighed in Figure 4.34.
(a) What is the mass of the child and basket if a scale reading of 55 N is observed?
(b) What is the tension T1 in the cord attaching the baby to the scale?
(c) What is the tension T2 in the cord attaching the scale to the ceiling, if the scale has a mass of 0.500 kg?
(d) Draw a sketch of the situation indicating the system of interest used to solve each part. The masses of the cords are negligible.
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