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Carefully plot the Maxwell speed distribution for nitrogen molecules at T=300K and atT=600K. Plot both graphs on the same axes, and label the axes with numbers.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The maxwell speed distribution graph for nitrogen molecules at T=300Kand T=600Kis

Step by step solution

01

Given information 

We are given that,

The maxwell speed distribution can then be written

D(v)=4Ï€v2vo2t-32e-v2v02t

T=300k,600k

02

Simplify

Let us define the constant v0≡2kT/mfor T=300k. The mass of a nitrogen molecule is28u,

So, vo=2k(300k)m=2(1.38×10-23J/k)(300k)28(1.66×10-27kg)=422m/s

The maxwell speed distribution can then be written

D(v)=4Ï€v2vo2t-32e-v2v02t,

Where t is the temperature in units of 300k. To plot this function fort=1and t=2,

I gave Mathematicalthe following instruction:

v0=422;maxwell[t,v]:=2.257×(v2/v30)×t-(-1.5)×Exp[-v2/(v02×t)]Plot[{maxwell[1,v],maxwell[2,v]},{v,0,1700}

Here the plot graph


Notice that the area under each curve is equal to 1. Therefore, as the location of the peak

Moves to the right (in proportion to T), its height must decrease.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Imagine a particle that can be in only three states, with energies -0.05 eV, 0, and 0.05 eV. This particle is in equilibrium with a reservoir at 300 K.

(a) Calculate the partition function for this particle.

(b) Calculate the probability for this particle to be in each of the three states.

(c) Because the zero point for measuring energies is arbitrary, we could just as well say that the energies of the three states are 0, +0.05 eV, and +0.10 eV, respectively. Repeat parts (a) and (b) using these numbers. Explain what changes and what doesn't.

Estimate the temperature at which the translational motion of a nitrogen molecule will freeze out, in a box of width1cm.

In the low-temperature limit (kT<<∈), each term in the rotational partition function is much smaller than the one before. Since the first term is independent of T, cut off the sum after the second term and compute the average energy and the heat capacity in this approximation. Keep only the largest T-dependent term at each stage of the calculation. Is your result consistent with the third law of thermodynamics? Sketch the behavior of the heat capacity at all temperature, interpolating between the high-temperature and low- temperature expressions.

Use Boltzmann factors to derive the exponential formula for the density of an isothermal atmosphere, already derived in Problems 1.16 and 3.37. (Hint: Let the system be a single air molecule, let s1 be a state with the molecule at sea level, and let s2 be a state with the molecule at height z.)

The analysis of this section applies also to liner polyatomic molecules, for which no rotation about the axis of symmetry is possible. An example is CO2, with ∈=0.000049eV. Estimate the rotational partition function for a CO2molecule at room temperature. (Note that the arrangement of the atoms isOCO, and the two oxygen atoms are identical.)

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