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Chapter 12: Problem 47

Describe two ways that graphs can be misleading.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Graphs can be misleading by: 1) Manipulating the Scale - Changes in scale can exaggerate or understate differences; 2) Misrepresenting Data Proportions - Misrepresentations can suggest different proportions, inaccurately indicating a majority or minority.

Step by step solution

01

Way 1: Manipulating the Scale

One common way graphs can be misleading is by manipulating the scale. When the scale is not uniform, it can make differences appear larger or smaller than they actually are. Take an example of a bar graph depicting company profits where the y-axis starts at a high number instead of zero. This would make the profit increase appear drastic when, in reality, the increase could be minimal.
02

Way 2: Misrepresenting Data Proportions

Another common way graphs can be misleading involves manipulating the representation to suggest different proportions. For instance, consider a pie chart designed to show the proportion of people preferring different flavors of ice cream. If the chart isn't to scale and one section is inflated to look larger, it might wrongly suggest that a majority of people prefer that particular flavor, thus misleading the viewer.

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