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Chapter 9: Q 19. (page 565)

Making conclusions A student performs a test of H0:p=0.75versus Ha:p<0.75at 伪=0.05significance level and gets a P-value of 0.22

The student writes: 鈥淏ecause the P-value is large, we accept H0. The data provide convincing evidence that null hypothesis is true". Explain what is wrong with this conclusion.

Short Answer

Expert verified

As Pvalue is large, we cannot rejectH0. Null hypothesis is not false.

Step by step solution

01

Given Information

It is given that P=0.22=22%

伪=0.05

H0:p=0.75

H1:p<0.75

02

Explanation

If Pvalue<伪, reject null hypothesis

Here it is not fulfilled as 0.22>0.05鈬�Fail to rejectH0

The statement having issues are:
  • Never accepting H0
  • There is never convincing proof that null hypothesis is true, instead it can be that null hypothesis is not true.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Side effects A drug manufacturer claims that less than 10%of patients who take its new drug for treating Alzheimer鈥檚 disease will experience nausea. To test this claim, researchers conduct an experiment. They give the new drug to a random sample of 300out of 5000Alzheimer鈥檚 patients whose families have given informed consent for the patients to participate in the study. In all, 25of the subjects experience nausea.

a. Describe a Type I error and a Type II error in this setting, and give a possible

consequence of each.

b. Do these data provide convincing evidence for the drug manufacturer鈥檚 claim?

Interpreting a P-value A student performs a test of H0:渭=100H0:渭=100versus Ha: 渭>100Ha:渭>100and gets a P-value of 0.044.The student says, "There is a0.044 probability of getting the sample result I did by chance alone." Explain why the student's explanation is wrong.

More lefties?In the population of people in the United States, about 10% are left-handed. After bumping elbows at lunch with several left-handed students, Simon wondered if more than 10%of students at his school are left-handed. To investigate, he selected an SRS of 50students and found 8lefties (p铃�=8/50=0.16).

To determine if these data provide convincing evidence that more than 10%of the students at Simon鈥檚 school are left-handed, 200trials of a simulation were conducted. Each dot in the graph shows the proportion of students that are left-handed in a random sample of 50students, assuming that each student has a 10%chance of being left handed.

a. State appropriate hypotheses for performing a significance test. Be sure to define the parameter of interest.

b. Use the simulation results to estimate the P-value of the test in part (a). Interpret the P-value.

c. What conclusion would you make?

Stating hypotheses

a. A change is made that should improve student satisfaction with the parking situation at a local high school. Before the change, 37%of students approve of the parking that's provided. The null hypothesis H0:p>0.37H0:p>0.37is tested against the alternative Ha: p=0.37Ha:p=0.37

b. A researcher suspects that the mean birth weights of babies whose mothers did not see a doctor before delivery is less than 3000 grams. The researcher states the hypotheses as

H0:x-=3000grams-5H0:x炉=3000grams

Ha: x-<3000grams Ha:x炉<3000grams

explain what's wrong with the stated hypotheses. Then give correct hypotheses.

An opinion poll asks a random sample of adults whether they favor banning ownership of handguns by private citizens. A commentator believes that more than half of all adults favor such a ban. The null and alternative hypotheses you would use to test this claim are

邪.H0:p鈭�=0.5;Ha:p鈭�>0.5H0:p^=0.5;Ha:p^>0.5.

b. H0:p=0.5;Ha:p>0.5H0:p=0.5;Ha:p>0.5.

c. H0:p=0.5;Ha:p<0.5H0:p=0.5;Ha:p<0.5.

d. H0:p=0.5;Ha:p鈮�0.H0:p=0.5;Ha:p鈮�0.5.

e. H0:p>0.5;Ha:p=0.5H0:p>0.5;Ha:p=0.5.
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