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Chapter 11: Q. 27 (page 753)

The color of candy Inspired by the example about how background music influences

choice of entr茅e at a restaurant, a statistics student decided to investigate other ways to

influence a person鈥檚 behavior. Using 60volunteers, she randomly assigned 20volunteers

to get a 鈥渞ed鈥� survey, 20volunteers to get a 鈥渂lue鈥� survey, and 20volunteers to get a

control survey. The first three questions on each survey were the same, but the fourth and

fifth questions were different. For example, the fourth question on the 鈥渞ed鈥� survey was

鈥淲hen you think of the color red, what do you think about?鈥� On the blue survey, the

question replaced red with blue. On the control survey, the last two questions were not

about color. As a reward, each volunteer was allowed to choose a chocolate candy in a red

wrapper or a chocolate candy in a blue wrapper. Here are segmented bar graphs showing

the results of the experiment. Describe what you see.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The more chosen chocolate color was the same as the survey's color. In the control survey, blue chocolates were chosen more often.

Step by step solution

01

Given Information

We have been given a graph which gives the percentage of blue and red colored chocolates chosen in the red survey, blue survey, and control survey.

02

Explanation

The blue candy was chosen by more than 60%of those who participated in the blue survey. The red candy was chosen by60% of those polled in the red survey. When compared to those in the red survey, individuals in the control survey were more inclined to choose the blue treat. When compared to those who took the blue survey, a larger percentage of those who took the red survey picked the red candy.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The manager of a high school cafeteria is planning to offer several new types of food for student lunches in the new school year. She wants to know if each type of food will be equally popular so she can start ordering supplies and making other plans. To find out, she selects a random sample of 100students and asks them, 鈥淲hich type of food do you prefer: Ramen, tacos, pizza, or hamburgers?鈥� Here are her data:

The P-value for a chi-square test for goodness of fit is 0.0129. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion at a significance level of 0.05?

a. Because 0.0129 is less than 伪=0.05 reject H0 . There is convincing evidence that the food choices are equally popular.

b. Because 0.0129 is less than 伪=0.05 reject H0 There is not convincing

evidence that the food choices are equally popular.

c. Because 0.0129 is less than 伪=0.05 reject H0 . There is convincing evidence that the food choices are not equally popular.

d. Because 0.0129 is less than 伪=0.05 fail to reject H0 There is not convincing evidence that the food choices are equally popular.

e. Because 0.0129 is less than 伪=0.05 fail to reject H0 There is convincing

evidence that the food choices are equally popular.

All current-carrying wires produce electromagnetic (EM) radiation, including the electrical wiring running into, through, and out of our homes. High-frequency EM radiation is thought to be a cause of cancer. The lower frequencies associated with household current are generally assumed to be harmless. To investigate the relationship between current configuration and type of cancer, researchers visited the addresses of a random sample of children who had died of some form of cancer (leukemia, lymphoma, or some other type) and classified the wiring configuration outside the dwelling as either a high-current configuration (HCC) or a low-current configuration (LCC). Here are the data:

Computer software was used to analyze the data. The output included the value X2=0.435

Which of the following is the appropriate degrees of freedom for the X2test?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

e. 5

Where do young adults live? A survey by the National Institutes of Health asked a random sample of young adults (aged 19to 25years), 鈥淲here do you live now? That is, where do you stay most often?鈥� Here is the full two-way table (omitting a few who refused to answer and one who reported being homeless):

a. Should we use a chi-square test for homogeneity or a chi-square test for independence in this setting? Justify your answer.

b. State appropriate hypotheses for performing the type of test you chose in part (a). Here is Minitab output from a chi-square test.

c. Check that the conditions for carrying out the test are met.

d. Interpret the P-value. What conclusion would you draw?

Opinions about the death penaltyThe General Social Survey (GSS) asked separate random samples of people with only a high school degree and people with a bachelor鈥檚 degree, 鈥淒o you favor or oppose the death penalty for persons convicted of murder?鈥� Of the 1379people with only a high school degree, 1010 favored the death penalty, while 319of the 504people with a bachelor鈥檚 degree favored the death penalty. We can test the hypothesis of 鈥渘o difference鈥� in support for the death penalty among people in these educational categories in two ways: with a two-sample z test or with a chi-square test.

a. State appropriate hypotheses for a chi-square test.

b. Here is Minitab output for a chi-square test. Interpret the P-value. What conclusion would you draw?

c. Here is Minitab output for a two-sample z test. Explain how these results are consistent with the test in part (a).

Which test?Determine which chi-square test is appropriate in each of the following settings. Explain your reasoning.

a. Does chocolate help heart-attack victims live longer? Researchers in Sweden randomly selected 1169people who had suffered heart attacks and asked them about their consumption of chocolate in the previous year. Then the researchers followed these people and recorded whether or not they had died within 8years.

b. Random-digit-dialing telephone surveys used to exclude cell-phone numbers. If the opinions of people who have only cell phones differ from those of people who have landline service, the poll results may not represent the entire adult population. The Pew Research Center interviewed separate random samples of cell-only and landline telephone users who were less than 30years old and asked them to describe their political party affiliation
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