/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 17 Is this valid? Determine whether... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

91Ó°ÊÓ

Is this valid? Determine whether each of the following simulation designs is valid. Justify your answer. (a) According to a recent poll, \(75 \%\) of American adults regularly recycle. To simulate choosing a random sample of 100 U.S. adults and seeing how many of them recycle, roll a 4 -sided die 100 times. A result of \(1,2,\) or 3 means the person recycles; a 4 means that the person doesn't recycle. (b) An archer hits the center of the target with \(60 \%\) of her shots. To simulate having her shoot 10 times, use a coin. Flip the coin once for each of the 10 shots. If it lands heads, then she hits the center of the target. If the coin lands tails, she doesn't.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) is valid, (b) is not valid.

Step by step solution

01

Assess Design (a)

In this part, we need to find out if the simulation accurately represents the probability that 75% of American adults recycle. The method involves using a 4-sided die, where results of 1, 2, or 3 mean the person recycles, and a result of 4 means they don’t recycle. This gives probability outcomes of 3/4 for recycling and 1/4 for not recycling each roll. Since 3/4 equates to 75%, this simulation design correctly matches the given probability.
02

Verify Design (a) Validity

Since each outcome of rolling the die (getting one of the numbers 1 through 4) is equally likely, dividing the outcomes as described (1, 2, or 3 for recycling and 4 for not recycling) ensures the probabilities are consistent with the problem's requirements. Thus, this simulation design is valid for the given scenario.
03

Assess Design (b)

Next, we consider the second simulation, where an archer hits the center of the target 60% of the time using a coin flip. Each flip determines a shot's result: heads for a hit and tails for a miss. A fair coin gives a 50% probability for either outcome, heads or tails.
04

Verify Design (b) Validity

For the archer scenario, flipping a coin does not reflect the 60% hit rate accurately because a coin provides an equal 50% chance for each outcome (hit or miss). This simulation does not match the desired probability, making it an invalid method to represent the archer’s shooting success.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91Ó°ÊÓ!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Probability Simulations
Probability simulations are essential tools in statistics education. They help us understand how probabilistic events operate in practical, real-world scenarios. Simulations use random processes, like rolling dice or flipping coins, to replicate the behavior of complex systems. By doing this, we can gather insights into how often certain outcomes occur.
Take, for instance, the example of simulating recycling habits among American adults. Rolling a four-sided die where three sides indicate recycling fulfills the requirement of showing a 75% probability. The entirety of events, from rolling a 1, 2, or 3, mimics this probability distribution. Thus, this simulation effectively helps understand the system's behavior by using simple tools like dice to reflect a known probability distribution.
The Role of Statistics Education
Statistics education introduces students to foundational concepts such as probability, probability models, and simulation techniques. These concepts build the groundwork for making informed decisions based on data analysis. Simulating real-world phenomena, like using dice and coins, makes these abstract concepts concrete and easier to relate to.
Learning statistics through simulations allows students to explore scenarios that might otherwise be difficult to physically recreate. For instance, the rolling die for recycling probability helps learners grasp not only the mechanics but also the importance of randomness and fairness in statistical experiments.
Moreover, consistent exposure to these concepts instills confidence in decoding data, enhancing learners' abilities to interpret and solve multifaceted problems statistically.
Exploring Probability Models
Probability models provide frameworks to calculate the likelihood of various outcomes. They underpin any simulation design by defining the expected distributions and outcomes. With probability models, we can represent complex systems simply by understanding their components' probabilities.
In our original exercises, models applied using dice accurately portrayed the real-world probability of adults recycling. The model was chosen based on its ability to mirror specific percentages naturally. This method demonstrates an essential aspect of probability models: ensuring every potential outcome aligns with the given probabilities.
Using correct probability models is crucial. When a model does not match the real-world data, like using a coin for a 60% hit rate, the simulation results become unreliable, highlighting the need to match models accurately with expected behaviors.
AP Statistics and Real-world Applications
AP Statistics courses focus on developing students' abilities to perform statistical investigations. Simulations play a significant role in this process. They offer a hands-on approach to understand probability and statistics deeply.
Utilizing simulations, like flipping coins or rolling dice in classroom settings, illustrates core concepts in relatable ways. These practices aim at preparing students for more complex, real-world problem solving. For example, determining if a method accurately simulates a scenario teaches students about precision in statistical modeling.
Moreover, AP Statistics bridges the gap between theory and practice. By enabling students to simulate, adjust, and validate models against known data, such as simulating the archer’s shooting scenario, they learn to critically analyze and improve statistical methodologies used in various fields.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Due for a hit A very good professional baseball player gets a hit about \(35 \%\) of the time over an entire season. After the player failed to hit safely in six straight at-bats, a TV commentator said, "He is due for a hit by the law of averages." Is that right? Why?

Airport security The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is responsible for airport safety. On some flights, TSA officers randomly select passengers for an extra security check prior to boarding. One such flight had 76 passengers -12 in first class and 64 in coach class. Some passengers were surprised when none of the 10 passengers chosen for screening were seated in first class. We can use a simulation to see if this result is likely to happen by chance. (a) State the question of interest using the language of probability. (b) How would you use random digits to imitate one repetition of the process? What variable would you measure? (c) Use the line of random digits below to perform one repetition. Copy these digits onto your paper. Mark directly on or above them to show how you determined the outcomes of the chance process. \(\begin{array}{lllll}71487 & 09984 & 29077 & 14863 & 61683 & 47052 & 62224 & 51025\end{array}\) (d) In 100 repetitions of the simulation, there were 15 times when none of the 10 passengers chosen was seated in first class. What conclusion would you draw?

Playing cards Shuffle a standard deck of playing cards and deal one card. Define events \(J\) : getting a jack, and \(R\) : getting a red card. (a) Construct a two-way table that describes the sample space in terms of events \(J\) and \(R\) (b) Find \(P(J)\) and \(P(R)\). (c) Describe the event " \(J\) and \(R\) " in words. Then find \(P(J\) and \(R)\) (d) Explain why \(P(J\) or \(R) \neq P(J)+P(R) .\) Then use the general addition rule to compute \(P(J\) or \(R)\)

Inspecting switches A shipment contains 10,000 switches. Of these, 1000 are bad. An inspector draws 2 switches at random, one after the other. (a) Draw a tree diagram that shows the sample space of this chance process. (b) Find the probability that both switches are defective.

A basketball player claims to make \(47 \%\) of her shots from the field. We want to simulate the player taking sets of 10 shots, assuming that her claim is true. Twenty-five repetitions of the simulation were performed. The simulated number of makes in each set of 10 shots was recorded on the dotplot below. What is the approximate probability that a \(47 \%\) shooter makes 5 or more shots in 10 attempts? (a) \(5 / 10\) (b) \(3 / 10\) (c) \(12 / 25\) (d) \(3 / 25\) (e) \(47 / 100\)

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.