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91Ó°ÊÓ

Mike’s pizza You work at Mike’s pizza shop. You have the following information about the 7 pizzas in the oven: 3 of the 7 have thick crust, and of these 1 has only sausage and 2 have only mushrooms. The remaining 4 pizzas have regular crust, and of these 2 have only sausage and 2 have only mushrooms.

Choose a pizza at random from the oven.

(a) Are the events {getting a thick-crust pizza} and {getting a pizza with mushrooms} independent? Explain.

(b) You add an eighth pizza to the oven. This pizza has thick crust with only cheese. Now are the events {getting a thick-crust pizza} and {getting a pizza with mushrooms} independent? Explain.

  • Find the probability that an event occurs using a two-way table.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Part (a) No the events are not independent.

Part (b) The events of getting a thick crust pizza and pizza with mushrooms are independent.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1. Given Information

The total number of pizzas is seven.

3pizzas with a thick crust. 4pizzas (normal size). In a thick crust pizza, the number of sausages equals 1. Number of mushroom pizzas in thick crust pizza=2In a standard pizza, there are 2sausages. Number of mushroom pizzas in a standard pizza=2.

02

Part (a) Step 2. Concept

Theprobabilityofanevent=numberoffavourableoutcomestotalnumberofoutcomes

If two events A and B are independent,

then P(A∩B)=P(A∩B|B)

03

Part (a) Step 3. Calculation

The information provided is summarized in the table below.

In that case, P (thick crust pizza with mushroom)=2/7

P(thickcrustwithmushroom||thickcrustpizza)=NumberofthickcrustpizzawithmushroomNumberofthickcrustpizza

According to the table above, the number of thick crust mushroom pizzas is=2

Therefore, P (thick crust with mushroom thick crust pizza)=23

Because 27 does not equal23, both events are not independent.

04

Part (b) Step 1. Calculation 

The table can be rearranged in the following manner:

So, total number of pizzas=8

Number of thick crust pizza=4

P (thick crust pizza with mushroom)=48

P(thickcrustwithmushroom||thickcrustpizza)=numberofthickcrustpizzawithmushroomnumberofthickcrustpizza

According to the table above,

2 thick-crust pizzas with mushroom topping

Therefore, P(thickcrustwithmushroom||thickcrustpizza)=24

As 48=24, both events are independent.

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