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Trace metals found in wells affect the taste of drinking water, and high concentrations can pose a health risk. Researchers measured the concentration of zinc (in milligrams/liter) near the top and the bottom of 10randomly selected wells in a large region. The data are provided in the table below.

(a) Construct and interpret a 95%confidence interval for the mean difference in the zinc concentrations from these two locations in the wells.

(b) Does your interval in part (a) give convincing evidence of a difference in zinc concentrations at the top and bottom of wells in the region? Justify your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) We are 95%confident that the true population mean difference is between 0.0430and 0.1178.

(b) There is sufficient evidence to support the claim of a difference in zinc concentrations at the top and bottom of wells in the region.

Step by step solution

01

Part(a) Step 1: Given Information

Sample 1Sample 2Difference D0.430.4150.0150.2660.2380.0280.5670.390.1770.5310.410.1210.7070.6050.1020.7160.6090.1070.6510.6320.0190.5890.5230.0660.4690.4110.0580.7230.6120.111

Mean =0.0804

Sd=0.0523

02

Part(a) Step 2: Explanation

The mean is the sum of all values divided by the number of values:

x=0.015+0.028++0.058+0.111100.0804

nis the number of values in the data set.

The variance is the sum of squared deviations from the mean divided by n-1:

localid="1650087335628" s2=(0.015-0.0804)2+.+(0.111-0.0804)28-10.0025

The standard deviation is the square root of the variance:

localid="1650087345303" s=0.00250.0523

03

Part(a) Step 3: Calculation

Determine the t-value by looking in the row starting with degrees of freedom n-1=10-1=9and in the row with c=95%in table B:

t*=2.262

The margin of error is then:

localid="1650087364022" E=t*sn=2.2620.0523100.0374

Then the confidence interval becomes:

localid="1650087403359" 0.0430=0.0804-0.0374=x-E<<x+E=0.0804+0.0374=0.1178

04

Part(b) Step 1: Given Information

Sample 1Sample 2Difference D0.430.4150.0150.2660.2380.0280.5670.390.1770.5310.410.1210.7070.6050.1020.7160.6090.1070.6510.6320.0190.5890.5230.0660.4690.4110.0580.7230.6120.111

Mean =0.0803

Sd=0.0523

05

Part(b) Step 2: Explanation

The mean is the sum of all values divided by the number of values:

x=0.015+0.028++0.058+0.111100.0804

nis the number of values in the data set.

n=10

The variance is the sum of squared deviations from the mean divided by n-1:

localid="1650087429813" s2=(0.015-0.0804)2+..+(0.111-0.0804)28-10.0025

The standard deviation is the square root of the variance:

localid="1650087440721" s=0.00250.0523

06

Part(b) Step 3: Calculation

Determine the t-value by looking in the row starting with degrees of freedom n-1=10-1=9and in the row with c=95%in table B:

t*=2.262

The margin of error is then:

localid="1650087455657" E=t*sn=2.2620.0523100.0374

Then the confidence interval becomes:

localid="1650087477978" 0.0430=0.0804-0.0374=x-E<<x+E=0.0804+0.0374=0.1178

We are 95%confident that the true population mean difference is between 0.0430and0.1178.

The confidence interval does not contain 0, which indicates that there is a difference between the population means and thus there is sufficient evidence to support the claim of a difference in zinc concentrations at the top and bottom of wells in the region.

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