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6. Auto emissions Oxides of nitrogen (called NOXfor short) emitted by cars and trucks are important contributors to air pollution. The amount of NOX
emitted by a particular model varies from vehicle to vehicle. For one light-truck model, NOXemissions vary with mean μthat is unknown and standard deviation σ=0.4gram per mile. You test an SRSof 50of these trucks. The sample mean NOXlevel xestimates the unknown μ. You will get different values of xif you repeat your sampling.

(a) Describe the shape, center, and spread of the sampling distribution of x.
(b) Sketch the sampling distribution of x. Mark its mean and the values one, two, and three standard deviations on either side of the mean.
(c) According to the 68–95–99.7rule, about 95%of all values of xlie within a distance mof the mean of the sampling distribution. What is m? Shade the region on the axis of your sketch that is within m of the mean.
(d) Whenever x¯falls in the region you shaded, the unknown population mean μlies in the confidence interval x±m. For what percent of all possible samples does the interval capture μ?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) The shape is approximately normally distributed with centerμand spread is 0.057.

(b) Sketched the sampling distribution of xas:

(c) The distance mof the mean of the sampling distribution is 0.114.

(d) The 95%of all possible sample capture μ.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1: Given information

To describe the shape, center, and spread of the sampling distribution of x.

02

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

Let, the number of trucks tested for NOXemission test is n=50.

And the standard deviation is σ=0.04.

Use the Central Limit Theorem to determine the shape of the sample distribution (CLT). The sample mean xis nearly normally distributed in terms of sampling distribution. The sample mean for the center is μ, based on the sampling distribution information provided.
Population standard deviation =StandarddeviationSquare rootof samplesize
σx¯=σn
=0.450
≈0.057
As a result, the shape is approximately normally distributed with center μand spread is 0.057.

03

Part(b) Step 1: Given information

To sketch the sampling distribution of x. Then to mark its mean and the values one, two, and three standard deviations on either side of the mean.

04

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

Let, the number of trucks tested for NOXemission test is n=50.

And the standard deviation σ=0.04.

05

Part (b) Step 3: Explanation

The sample mean x¯is normally distributed with the mean μ and the standard deviation as:
σn=0.450

≈0.057

06

Part (c) Step 1: Given information

To determine the distance m. And to shade the region on the axis of the sketch that is within m of the mean.

07

Part (c) Step 2: Explanation

Let, the number of trucks tested forNOXemission test is n=50.

The standard deviation is σ=0.04

And the population standard deviation σx=0.057.

According to the 68-95-00.7percent rule, around 95percent of all xvalues are within m of the mean, or twice the population standard deviations of the mean.
m=2σ
=2×0.057
=0.114
08

Part (c) Step 3: Explanation

Shade the region on the axis of the sketch that is within mof the mean as:

As a result, distance mof the mean of the sampling distribution is 0.114.

09

Part (d) Step 1: Given information

To determine the percent of all possible samples does the interval capture μ.

10

Part (d) Step 2: Explanation

Let, the number of trucks tested for NOXemission test is n=50.
And the standard deviation σ=0.04.
Since, 95percent of the xvalues from part c are within a distance m of the sample distribution's mean.
As a result, 95%of all possible sample capture μ.

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