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5. NAEP scores Young people have a better chance of full-time employment and good wages if they are good with numbers. How strong are the quantitative skills of young Americans of working age? One source
of data is the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Young Adult Literacy Assessment Survey, which is based on a nationwide probability sample of households. The NAEP survey includes a
short test of quantitative skills, covering mainly basic arithmetic and the ability to apply it to realistic problems. Scores on the test range from 0to 500. For example, a person who scores 233can add the amounts of two checks appearing on a bank deposit slip; someone scoring 325can determine the price of a meal from a menu; a person scoring 375 can
transform a price in cents per ounce into dollars per pound. Suppose that you give the NAEP test to an SRS of 840people from a large population in which the scores have mean 280and standard deviationσ=60. The mean xof the 840 scores will vary if you take repeated samples.
(a) Describe the shape, center, and spread of the sampling distribution of x.
(b) Sketch the sampling distribution of x. Mark its mean and the values one, two, and three standard deviations on either side of the mean.
(c) According to the68–95–99.7rule, about 95%of all values of x¯lie within a distance mof the mean of the sampling distribution. What is m? Shade the region on the axis of your sketch that is within m of the mean.

(d) Whenever x¯falls in the region you shaded, the population mean μlies in the confidence intervalx±m. For what percent of all possible samples does the interval capture μ?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) Approximately normal with mean 280as center and the standard deviation is 2.0702.

(b) Sketched the sampling distribution of x¯as:

(c) The distance mof the mean of the sampling distribution is 4.140.

(d) All possible samples μcaptures 95%.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1: Given information

To describe the shape, center, and spread of the sampling distribution of x.

02

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

Let, the sample mean as x¯=280.

The standard deviation as σ=60
And the Sample size as localid="1652786402483" n=840
Use the Central Limit to determine the shape of the sampling distribution.
As a result, the sampling distribution of the sample mean has a normal shape.
The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample meanμ=280 is calculated using the information provided.
So, the center equal to the mean μ=280
And for the spread, use the formula
Population standard deviation localid="1653041512150" =StandarddeviationSquarerootofsamplesize

σx¯=σn

=60840

≈2.0702

As a result, the shape is approximately normal with mean 280as center and the spread is the standard deviation which is equal 2.0702.

03

Part (b) Step 1: Given information

To sketch the sampling distribution of x¯. Then to mark its mean and the values one, two, and three standard deviations on either side of the mean.

04

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

Let, the Sample mean of the scorex¯=280
The standard deviation σ=60
And the sample size of the people from the large population n=840.

05

Part (b) Step 3: Explanation

The sample mean x¯is then normally distributed with mean μ=280 and standard deviation is calculated as:
σn=60840

≈2.070.

06

Part (c) Step 1: Given information

To determine the distancem of the mean of the sampling distribution.
Then shade the region on the axis of the sketch that is within m of the mean.

07

Part (c) Step 2: Explanation

Let, the sample mean is x¯=280.

The standard deviation is σ=60.
And the Sample size is n=840
Determine the standard deviation as follows:
σx¯=σn
=60840
≈2.0702
According to the 68-95-00.7percent rule, around 95percent of all xvalues are within m of the mean, or twice the population standard deviations of the mean.
Hence,

m=2σ
=2×2.070
=4.140

08

Part (c) Step 3: Explanation

Shade the region on the axis of the sketch that is within mof the mean as follows:

As a result, the distance mof the mean of the sampling distribution is 4.140.

09

Part (d) Step 1: Given information

The population mean μlies in the confidence interval x±m. To determine the percent of all possible samples μcaptured by the interval.

10

Part (d) Step 2: Explanation

Since, the sample mean of the score is x¯=280.
The standard deviation is σ=60.
And the sample size of the people from the large population is n=840.
The mean of the sampling distribution is distance m.
Approximately 95percent of all xvalues are within mof the sampling distribution's mean.
As a result, μ captures 95% of all possible samples.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

6. Auto emissions Oxides of nitrogen (called NOXfor short) emitted by cars and trucks are important contributors to air pollution. The amount of NOX
emitted by a particular model varies from vehicle to vehicle. For one light-truck model, NOXemissions vary with mean μthat is unknown and standard deviation σ=0.4gram per mile. You test an SRSof 50of these trucks. The sample mean NOXlevel xestimates the unknown μ. You will get different values of xif you repeat your sampling.

(a) Describe the shape, center, and spread of the sampling distribution of x.
(b) Sketch the sampling distribution of x. Mark its mean and the values one, two, and three standard deviations on either side of the mean.
(c) According to the 68–95–99.7rule, about 95%of all values of xlie within a distance mof the mean of the sampling distribution. What is m? Shade the region on the axis of your sketch that is within m of the mean.
(d) Whenever x¯falls in the region you shaded, the unknown population mean μlies in the confidence interval x±m. For what percent of all possible samples does the interval capture μ?

To assess the accuracy of a laboratory scale, a standard weight known to weigh 10grams is weighed repeatedly. The scale readings are Normally distributed with unknown mean (this mean is 10grams if the scale has no bias). In previous studies, the standard deviation of the scale readings has been about 0.0002gram. How many measurements must be averaged to get a margin of error of 0.0001with 98% confidence? Show your work.

You have an SRS of 23 observations from a Normally distributed population. What critical value would you use to obtain a 98% confidence interval for the mean M of the population if S is unknown?

(a) 2.508

(b) 2.500

(c) 2.326

(d) 2.183

(e) 2.177

In a poll,

I. Some people refused to answer questions.

II. People without telephones could not be in the sample.

III. Some people never answered the phone in several calls.

Which of these sources is included in the ±2%margin of error announced for the poll?

(a) I only

(b) II only

(c) III only

(d) I, II, and III

(e) None of these

Researchers were interested in comparing two methods for estimating tire wear. The first method used the amount of weight lost by a tire. The second method used the amount of wear in the grooves of the tire. A random sample of 16tires was obtained. Both methods were used to estimate the total distance traveled by each tire. The table below provides the two estimates (in thousands of miles) for each tire.

(a) Construct and interpret a 95%confidence interval for the mean difference μin the estimates from these two methods in the population of tires.

(b) Does your interval in part (a) give convincing evidence of a difference in the two methods of estimating tire wear? Justify your answer.

role="math" localid="1649913699288" TireWeightGrooveTireWeightGroove145.935.7930.423.1241.939.21027.323.7337.531.11120.420.9433.428.11224.516.1531.024.01320.919.9630.528.71418.915.2730.925.91513.711.5831.923.31611.411.2

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