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Chapter 4: Q T4.6. (page 274)

The most important advantage of experiments over observational studies is that

(a) experiments are usually easier to carry out.

(b) experiments can give better evidence of causation.

(c) confounding cannot happen in experiments.

(d) an observational study cannot have a response variable.

(e) observational studies cannot use random samples.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The correct option is (b) experiments can give better evidence of causation.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

Treatment is applied to the subjects to observe their responses.

02

Concept

The random assignment method assigns subjects to treatments based on chance. Before the treatments are applied, random assignment establishes treatment groups that are comparable (except for chance variance). In experiments, randomization and comparison combined prevent bias or systematic favoritism.

03

Explanation

Treatment is given to the individuals in an experimental study to see how they respond. It is founded on the concept of cause and effect. An observational study, on the other hand, is one in which the researcher observes the subject's reactions without imposing any conditions on them. As a result, an experimental investigation can yield a causal finding.

As a result, the best solution is (b).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In the experiment of the previous exercise, the 240 subjects are labeled 001 to 240 The software randomly assigns 60 subjects to each of the four diets. This is

(a) a completely randomized design.

(b) a randomized block design.

(c) a matched pairs design.

(d) an observational study.

(e) an SRS.

What kind of error? Which of the following are sources of sampling error and which are sources of non-sampling error? Explain your answers.

(a) The subject lies about past drug use.

(b) A typing error is made in recording the data.

(c) Data are gathered by asking people to mail in a coupon printed in a newspaper.

Systematic random sample Sample surveys often use a systematic random sample to choose a sample of apartments in a large building or housing units in a block at the last stage of a multistage sample. Here is a description of how to choose a systematic random sample. Suppose that we must choose 4 addresses out of 100 Because 100/4=25 we can think of the list as four lists of 25 addresses. Choose 1 of the first 25 addresses at random using Table D. The sample contains this address and the addresses 25,50, and 75 places down the list from it. If the table gives 13, for example, then the systematic random sample consists of the addresses numbered 13,38,63, and 88

(a) Use Table D to choose a systematic random sample of 5 addresses from a list of 200 Enter the table at line 120

(b) Like an SRS, a systematic random sample gives all individuals the same chance to be chosen. Explain why this is true. Then explain carefully why a systematic sample is not an SRS.

Random digits In using Table D repeatedly to choose random samples, you should not always begin at the same place, such as line 101 Why not?

In an interesting experiment, researchers examined the effect of ultrasound on birth weight. Pregnant women participating in the study were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group of women received an ultrasound; the second group did not. When the subjects鈥� babies were born, their birth weights were recorded. The women who received the ultrasounds had heavier babies.

Did the experimental design take the placebo effect into account? Why is this important?
See all solutions

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