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Chapter 4: Q AP1.3. (page 276)
A large set of test scores has a mean and a standard deviation of If each score is doubled, and then is subtracted from the result, the mean and standard deviation of the new scores are
The correct option is (b)
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Aw, rats! A nutrition experimenter intends to compare the weight gain of newly weaned male rats fed Diet A with that of rats fed Diet B. To do this, she will feed each diet to 10 rats. She has available rats from one litter and rats from a second litter. Rats in the first litter appear to be slightly healthier.
(a) If the rats from Litter 1 were fed Diet A, the effects of genetics and diet would be confounded, and the experiment would be biased in favor of Diet A. Explain this statement carefully.
(b) Describe a better design for this experiment.
Sampling gravestones The local genealogical society in Coles County, Illinois, has compiled records on all gravestones in cemeteries in the county from the years to Historians plan to use these records to learn about African Americans in Coles County鈥檚 history. They first choose an SRS of records to check their accuracy by visiting the actual gravestones.
(a) Explain how you would use technology or Table D to choose the SRS. Your description should be clear enough for a classmate to obtain your results.
(b) Use your method from (a) to choose the first gravestones.
Killing weeds A biologist would like to determine which of two brands of weed killer is less likely to harm the plants in a garden at the university. Before spraying near the plants, the biologist decides to conduct an experiment using 24 individual plants. Which of the following two plans for randomly assigning the treatments should the biologist use? Why?
Plan A: Choose the healthiest-looking plants.
Apply Brand X weed killer to all of those plants.
Apply Brand Y weed killer to the remaining plants.
Plan B: Choose of the plants at random. Apply
Brand X weed killer to those plants and Brand Y
weed killer to the remaining plants.
An example of a non-sampling error that can reduce the accuracy of a sample survey is
(a) using voluntary response to choose the sample.
(b) using the telephone directory as the sampling frame.
(c) interviewing people at shopping malls to obtain a sample.
(d) variation due to chance in choosing a sample at random.
(e) inability to contact many members of the sample.
Does eating dinner with their families improve students鈥� academic performance? According to an ABC News article, 鈥淭eenagers who eat with their families at least five times a week are more likely to get better grades in
school.鈥�19 This finding was based on a sample survey conducted by
researchers at Columbia University.
What are the explanatory and response variables?
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