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Chapter 4: Q 117. (page 270)

Animal testing (1.1) 鈥淚t is right to use animals for medical testing if it might save human lives.鈥� The

General Social Survey asked 1152 adults to react to this statement. Here is the two-way table of their responses:

How do the distributions of opinion differ between men and women? Give appropriate graphical and numerical evidence to support your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified

More men seem to strongly agree, while more women seem to strongly disagree.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

It is debated whether using animals for medical testing is ethical if it could save human lives.

02

Concept

Individuals are purposely subjected to a treatment in order to measure their responses in an experiment.

03

Explanation

The question is whether it is ethical to employ animals in medical research if it could save human lives. As a result, the difference in opinion distribution between men and women may be seen in the histogram of the data obtained as:

As a result, we can see from the histogram that the distribution of men and women is quite comparable. Also, more men appear to strongly agree, whilst more women appear to strongly disagree.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Sampling frame Ideally, the sampling frame in a sample survey should list every individual in the population, but in practice, this is often difficult.

Suppose that a sample of households in a community is selected at random from the telephone directory. Explain how this sampling method results in under coverage that could lead to bias.

Sampling by accountants Accountants often use stratified samples during audits to verify a company鈥檚 records of such things as accounts receivable. The

stratification is based on the dollar amount of the item and often includes 100% sampling of the largest items. One company reports 5000 accounts receivable. Of these, 100 are in amounts over \(50,000;500 are in amounts between \)1000and\(50,000; and the remaining 4400are in amounts under \)1000Using these groups as strata, you decide to verify all the largest accounts and to sample 5% of the midsize accounts and 1%of the small accounts. How would you label the two strata from which you will sample? Use Table D, starting at line 115 to select only the first3 accounts from each of these strata.

Internet charges (2.1) Some Internet service providers (ISPs) charge companies based on how much bandwidth they use in a month. One method that ISPs use for calculating bandwidth is to find the 95th percentile of a company鈥檚 usage-based on samples of hundreds of 5-minute intervals during a month.

(a) Explain what 鈥�95th percentile鈥� means in this setting.

(b) Which would cost a company more: the 95th percentile method or a similar approach using the

98th percentile? Justify your answer.

Do placebos really work? Researchers in Japan conducted an experiment on 131 individuals who were extremely allergic to poison ivy. On one arm, each subject was rubbed with a poison ivy leaf and told the leaf was harmless. On the other arm, each subject was rubbed with a harmless leaf and told it was poison ivy. All the subjects developed a rash on the arm where the harmless leaf was rubbed. Of the

13subjects, 11 did not have any reaction to the real poison ivy leaf.

(a) What was the placebo in this experiment?

(b) Explain how the results of this study support the idea of a placebo effect.

Systematic random sample Sample surveys often use a systematic random sample to choose a sample of apartments in a large building or housing units in a block at the last stage of a multistage sample. Here is a description of how to choose a systematic random sample. Suppose that we must choose 4 addresses out of 100 Because 100/4=25 we can think of the list as four lists of 25 addresses. Choose 1 of the first 25 addresses at random using Table D. The sample contains this address and the addresses 25,50, and 75 places down the list from it. If the table gives 13, for example, then the systematic random sample consists of the addresses numbered 13,38,63, and 88

(a) Use Table D to choose a systematic random sample of 5 addresses from a list of 200 Enter the table at line 120

(b) Like an SRS, a systematic random sample gives all individuals the same chance to be chosen. Explain why this is true. Then explain carefully why a systematic sample is not an SRS.
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