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Chapter 4: Q 117. (page 270)

Animal testing (1.1) 鈥淚t is right to use animals for medical testing if it might save human lives.鈥� The

General Social Survey asked 1152 adults to react to this statement. Here is the two-way table of their responses:

How do the distributions of opinion differ between men and women? Give appropriate graphical and numerical evidence to support your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified

More men seem to strongly agree, while more women seem to strongly disagree.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

It is debated whether using animals for medical testing is ethical if it could save human lives.

02

Concept

Individuals are purposely subjected to a treatment in order to measure their responses in an experiment.

03

Explanation

The question is whether it is ethical to employ animals in medical research if it could save human lives. As a result, the difference in opinion distribution between men and women may be seen in the histogram of the data obtained as:

As a result, we can see from the histogram that the distribution of men and women is quite comparable. Also, more men appear to strongly agree, whilst more women appear to strongly disagree.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A simple random sample of 1200 adult Americans is selected, and each person is asked the following question: 鈥淚n light of the huge national deficit, should the government at this time spend additional money to establish a national system of health insurance?鈥� Only 39% of those responding answered 鈥淵es.鈥� This survey

(a) is reasonably accurate since it used a large simple random sample.

(b) needs to be larger since only about 24 people were drawn from each state.

(c) probably understates the percent of people who favor a system of national health insurance.

(d) is very inaccurate but neither understates nor overstates the percent of people who favor a system of national health insurance. Since simple random sampling was used, it is unbiased.

(e) probably overstates the percent of people who favor a system of national health insurance.

The ABC program Nightline once asked whether the United Nations should continue to have its headquarters in the United States. Viewers were invited to call one telephone number to respond 鈥淵es鈥� and another for 鈥淣o.鈥� There was a charge for calling either number. More than 186,000 callers responded, and 67% said 鈥淣o.鈥�

Meditation for anxiety An experiment that claimed to show that meditation lowers anxiety proceeded as follows. The experimenter interviewed the subjects and rated their level of anxiety. Then the subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimenter taught one group how to meditate and they meditated daily for a month. The other group was simply told to relax more. At the end of the month, the experimenter interviewed all the subjects again and rated their anxiety level. The meditation group now had less anxiety. Psychologists said that the results were suspect because the ratings were not blind. Explain what this means and how lack of blindness could bias the reported results.

Systematic random sample Sample surveys often use a systematic random sample to choose a sample of apartments in a large building or housing units in a block at the last stage of a multistage sample. Here is a description of how to choose a systematic random sample. Suppose that we must choose 4 addresses out of 100 Because 100/4=25 we can think of the list as four lists of 25 addresses. Choose 1 of the first 25 addresses at random using Table D. The sample contains this address and the addresses 25,50, and 75 places down the list from it. If the table gives 13, for example, then the systematic random sample consists of the addresses numbered 13,38,63, and 88

(a) Use Table D to choose a systematic random sample of 5 addresses from a list of 200 Enter the table at line 120

(b) Like an SRS, a systematic random sample gives all individuals the same chance to be chosen. Explain why this is true. Then explain carefully why a systematic sample is not an SRS.

Does eating dinner with their families improve students鈥� academic performance? According to an ABC News article, 鈥淭eenagers who eat with their families at least five times a week are more likely to get better grades in

school.鈥�19 This finding was based on a sample survey conducted by researchers at Columbia University.

Was this an observational study or an experiment? Justify your answer.
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