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An AP Statistics student designs an experiment to see whether today鈥檚 high school students are becoming too calculator-dependent. She prepares two quizzes, both of which contain 40questions that are best done using paper-

and-pencil methods. A random sample of 30students participates in the experiment. Each student takes both quizzes鈥攐ne with a calculator and one without鈥攊n random order. To analyze the data, the student constructs

a scatterplot that displays the number of correct answers with and without a calculator for each of the 30 students. A least-squares regression yields the equationCalculator=1.2+0.865(Pencil)r=0.79

Which of the following statements is/are true?

I. If the student had used Calculator as the explanatory variable, the correlation would remain the same.

II. If the student had used Calculator as the explanatory variable, the slope of the least-squares line would remain the same.

III. The standard deviation of the number of correct answers on the paper-and-pencil quizzes was larger than the standard deviation on the calculator quizzes.

(a) I only (c) III only (e) I, II, and III

(b) II only (d) I and III only

Short Answer

Expert verified

The correct option is (a) I only.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

Calculator=1.2+0.865(Pencil)r=0.79

02

Concept

A regression line is a straight line that depicts the relationship between an explanatory variablex and a response variabley By entering any value of x into the equation of the line, you may use a regression line to anticipate the value of y for any value ofx

03

Calculation

  • The correlation would have remained the same if the student's explanatory variable had been the calculator. Because correlation (r)does not distinguish between explanatory and response variables, this assertion is correct. When computing the correlation, it doesn't matter which variable you name Xand which you call Y.
  • If the learner had used a calculator as the explanatory variable, the slope of the least-squares line would have remained the same. Because this statement is false. Slope=ryX

If we change the explanatory and response variables, the slope value will change.

The number of correct answers on the paper and pencil quizzes had a higher standard deviation than the number of correct answers on the calculator quizzes." This assertion is untrue because

Slope=rcalculatorpencil0.865=0.79calculatorpencilcalculatorpencil=0.8650.791

Ifcalculatorpencil>1calculator>pencil

On the calculator quizzes, the standard deviation of the number of right answers was higher than on the paper and pencil quizzes.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The graph at the top right plots the gas mileage (miles per gallon) of various cars from the same model year versus the weight of these cars in thousands of pounds. The points marked with red dots correspond to cars made in Japan. From this plot, we may conclude that

(a) there is a positive association between weight and gas mileage for Japanese cars.

(b) the correlation between weight and gas mileage for all the cars is close to 1.

(c) there is little difference between Japanese cars and cars made in other countries.

(d) Japanese cars tend to be lighter in weight than other cars.

(e) Japanese cars tend to get worse gas mileage than other cars.

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What鈥檚 my grade? In Professor Friedman鈥檚 economics course, the correlation between the students鈥 total scores prior to the final examination and their final-examination scores is r=0.6The pre-exam totals for all students in the course have mean 280and standard deviation 30The

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(a) Find the equation for the appropriate least-squares regression line for Professor Friedman鈥檚 prediction. Interpret the slope of this line in context.

(b) Use the regression line to predict Julie鈥檚 final exam score.

(c) Julie doesn鈥檛 think this method accurately predicts how well she did on the final exam. Determine r2 Use this result to argue that her actual score could have been much higher (or much lower) than the predicted value.

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(a) What鈥檚 the slope of this line? Interpret this value in context.

(b) What鈥檚 the intercept? Explain why the value of the intercept is not statistically meaningful.

(c) Find the predicted reading scores for two children with IQ scores of 90and 130, respectively.

How does the fuel consumption of a car change as its speed increases? Here are data for a British Ford Escort. Speed is measured in kilometers per hour, and fuel consumption is measured in liters of gasoline used per 100kilometers traveled.5

role="math" localid="1649315389612" Speed(km/h)Fuel used(liters/100 km)Speed(km/h)Fuel used(liters/100 km)1021.00907.572013.001008.273010.001109.03408.001209.87507.0013010.79605.9014011.77706.3015012.83806.95

(a) Make a scatterplot on your calculator.

(b) Describe the form of the relationship. Why is it not linear? Explain why the form of the relationship makes sense.

(c) It does not make sense to describe the variables as either positively associated or negatively associated. Why?

(d) Is the relationship reasonably strong or quite weak? Explain your answer.

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