/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 9 Inferences based on voluntary re... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 1: Problem 9

Inferences based on voluntary response samples are generally not reliable.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Voluntary response samples are unreliable due to self-selection and potential bias, unlike random samples which better represent the population.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Voluntary Response Samples

A voluntary response sample consists of individuals who choose to participate in a survey or study on their own. These participants are not randomly selected, which means they have opted in by their own decision.
02

Identify Potential Bias

In a voluntary response sample, there is a high likelihood of bias as people with strong opinions (usually either very positive or very negative) are more likely to participate. This skews the results because not every potential respondent is represented.
03

Compare with Random Sampling

Random sampling is a technique where every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected. This method reduces bias and provides a more accurate representation of the overall population.
04

Explain the Reliability Issue

Voluntary response samples cannot reliably represent the entire population because the participants are self-selected. This leads to over- or under-representation of certain groups, making the inferences drawn from such samples generally unreliable.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

sampling bias
Sampling bias occurs when certain members of a population are systematically more likely to be selected in a sample than others.
This can happen if the selection process is flawed or if certain groups are overrepresented or underrepresented.
Voluntary response samples often introduce sampling bias because they rely on individuals to choose to participate.

In such samples, people with strong opinions are more likely to respond, leading to skewed results.
This makes it difficult to get a true picture of the larger population.
Therefore, conclusions drawn from a biased sample can be misleading or incorrect.
random sampling
Random sampling is the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a population where every member has an equal chance of being chosen.
This method helps in reducing bias and ensures that the sample is representative of the population.

Here's why random sampling is beneficial:
  • Reduces Bias: By giving each individual an equal chance of selection, it minimizes the risk of over- or under-representing any group.
  • Enhances Representativeness: A randomly selected sample reflects the population more accurately.
  • Improves Reliability: Conclusions drawn from such samples are generally more trustworthy.
With random sampling, inferences made about the population are more likely to be correct and reliable.
survey reliability
Survey reliability is crucial for obtaining accurate and trustworthy results. A reliable survey consistently reflects the true opinions or behaviors of the overall population.

Several factors affect survey reliability:
  • Sampling Method: Using random sampling methods helps improve reliability by reducing bias.
  • Sample Size: Larger samples tend to provide more reliable results as they better represent the population.
  • Question Design: Clear and unbiased questions can help get accurate answers.
  • Response Rate: High response rates ensure that the sample mirrors the population's diversity.
Voluntary response samples can compromise survey reliability since they may not represent the entire population accurately, especially if certain groups opt out of participating.
Ensuring that the survey method is sound, and free from bias, will improve the reliability of the conclusions drawn.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

In Problems 11-22, identify the type of sampling used. A farmer divides his orchard into 50 subsections, randomly selects \(4,\) and samples all the trees within the 4 subsections to approximate the yield of his orchard.

Research the polling done by George Gallup in the 1936 presidential election. Write a report on your findings and include information about the sampling technique and sample size. Next, research the polling done by Gallup for the 1948 presidential election. Did Gallup accurately predict the outcome of the election? What lessons were learned by Gallup?

In Problems 11-22, identify the type of sampling used.To predict the outcome of a county election, a newspaper obtains a list of all 945,035 registered voters in the county and wants to conduct a systematic sample. (a) Determine \(k\) if the sample size is 130 . (b) Determine the individuals who will be administered the survey. More than one answer is possible.

In Problems 11-22, identify the type of sampling used. To determine customer opinion of its boarding policy, Southwest Airlines randomly selects 60 flights during a certain week and surveys all passengers on the flights.

A research objective is presented. For each, identify the population and sample in the study. Folate and Hypertension Researchers want to determine whether or not higher folate intake is associated with a lower risk of hypertension (high blood pressure) in women ( 27 to 44 years of age). To make this determination, they look at 7373 cases of hypertension in these women and find that those who consume at least 1000 micrograms per day \((\mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{d})\) of total folate had a decreased risk of hypertension compared with those who consume less than \(200 \mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{d}\).
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

Geometry

Read Explanation

Decision Maths

Read Explanation

Logic and Functions

Read Explanation

Applied Mathematics

Read Explanation

Discrete Mathematics

Read Explanation

Calculus

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.