Chapter 4: Q88E (page 262)
Find a value of the standard normal random variable z, call it such that
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Chapter 4: Q88E (page 262)
Find a value of the standard normal random variable z, call it such that
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Cell phone handoff behavior. Refer to the Journal of Engineering, Computing and Architecture (Vol. 3., 2009) study of cell phone handoff behavior, Exercise 3.47 (p. 183). Recall that a 鈥渉andoff鈥 describes the process of a cell phone moving from one base channel (identified by a color code) to another. During a particular driving trip, a cell phone changed channels (color codes) 85 times. Color code 鈥渂鈥 was accessed 40 times on the trip. You randomly select 7 of the 85 handoffs. How likely is it that the cell phone accessed color code 鈥渂鈥 only twice for these 7 handoffs?
Investment risk analysis. The risk of a portfolio of financial assets is sometimes called investment risk. In general, investment risk is typically measured by computing the variance or standard deviation of the probability distribution that describes the decision maker鈥檚 potential outcomes (gains or losses). The greater the variation in potential outcomes, the greater the uncertainty faced by the decision maker; the smaller the variation in potential outcomes, the more predictable the decision maker鈥檚 gains or losses. The two discrete probability distributions given in the next table were developed from historical data. They describe the potential total physical damage losses next year to the fleets of delivery trucks of two different firms.
Firm A | Firm B | |||||
Loss Next Year | Probabiity | Loss Next Year | Probability | |||
0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |||
500 | 0.01 | 200 | 0.01 | |||
1000 | 0.01 | 700 | 0.02 | |||
1500 | 0.02 | 1200 | 0.02 | |||
2000 | 0.35 | 1700 | 0.15 | |||
2500 | 0.3 | 2200 | 0.3 | |||
3000 | 0.25 | 2700 | 0.3 | |||
3500 | 0.02 | 3200 | 0.15 | |||
4000 | 0.01 | 3700 | 0.02 | |||
4500 | 0.01 | 4200 | 0.02 | |||
5000 | 0.01 | 4700 | 0.01 |
a. Verify that both firms have the same expected total physical damage loss.
b. Compute the standard deviation of each probability distribution and determine which firm faces the greater risk of physical damage to its fleet next year.
Working on summer vacation. Recall (Exercise 3.13, p. 169) that a Harris Interactive (July 2013) poll found that 22% of U.S. adults do not work at all while on summer vacation. In a random sample of 10 U.S. adults, let x represent the number who do not work during summer vacation.
a. For this experiment, define the event that represents a 鈥渟uccess.鈥
b. Explain why x is (approximately) a binomial random variable.
c. Give the value of p for this binomial experiment.
d. Find P(x=3)
e. Find the probability that 2 or fewer of the 10 U.S. adults do not work during summer vacation.
Public transit deaths. Millions of suburban commuters use the public transit system (e.g., subway trains) as an alter native to the automobile. While generally perceived as a safe mode of transportation, the average number of deaths per week due to public transit accidents is 5 (Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2015).
a. Construct arguments both for and against the use of the Poisson distribution to characterize the number of deaths per week due to public transit accidents.
b. For the remainder of this exercise, assume the Poisson distribution is an adequate approximation for x, the number of deaths per week due to public transit accidents. Find and the standard deviation of x.
c. Based strictly on your answers to part b, is it likely that more than 12 deaths occur next week? Explain.
d. Find. Is this probability consistent with your answer to part c? Explain.
Shear strength of rock fractures. Understanding the characteristics
of rock masses, especially the nature of the fracturesis essential when building dams and power plants.The shear strength of rock fractures was investigated inEngineering Geology(May 12, 2010). The Joint RoughnessCoefficient (JRC) was used to measure shear strength.Civil engineers collected JRC data for over 750 rock fractures.The results (simulated from information provided in the article) are summarized in the accompanying SPSShistogram. Should the engineers use the normal probabilitydistribution to model the behavior of shear strength forrock fractures? Explain
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