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Volkswagen emissions scandal.Refer to the Significance(December 2015) study on estimating the number of U.S,deaths attributable to nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollutionproduced from illegal VW vehicles, Exercise 2.82 (p. 111).Recall that the researchers computed the estimate foreach of 27 different scenarios involving different valuesof three variables: total distance (in miles) driven by theseillegal VW vehicles, the amount by which the VW vehiclesexceeded the EPA standard for NOx, and the estimated association between NOx emissions and mortality. Summarystatistics for the estimated number of deaths are shown inthe accompanying Minitab printout. Suppose the media

have requested that the researchers provide a single statistic that best represents the center of the distribution of estimated deaths attributable to NOx pollution produced from the illegal VW vehicles. This statistic will be used to publicize the study findings.

a.If you work for Volkswagen and would like to diffuse the media鈥檚 reaction to the emissions scandal, which statistic would you choose to report and why?

b.If you support an environmental watch group and would like to incite the media to publicize the emissions scandal, which statistic would you choose to report and why?

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. The descriptive statistics will be appropriate.

b. The descriptive statistics will be appropriate.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

There are 27 different scenarios involving different values of three variables.

02

For emissions scandal use statistic

a.

We use descriptive statistics in this case. It is helpful to summarize the data to find emissions scandal.

03

Find the category of media to publicize emissions scandal use statistic

b.

We use descriptive statistics in this case also. It is helpful to summarize the data to find emissions scandal.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Time in bankruptcy.Refer to the Financial Management(Spring 1995) study of 49 firms filing for prepackagedbankruptcies, Exercise 2.32 (p. 86). Recall that three typesof 鈥減repack鈥 firms exist: (1) those who hold no prefilingvote, (2) those who vote their preference for a joint solution;and (3) those who vote their preference for a prepack.

a.Construct a box plot for the time in bankruptcy (months) for each type of firm.

b.Find the median bankruptcy times for the three types.

c.How do the variabilities of the bankruptcy times compare for the three types?

d.The standard deviations of the bankruptcy times are 2.47 for 鈥渘one,鈥 1.72 for 鈥渏oint,鈥 and 0.96 for 鈥減repack.鈥 Do the standard deviations agree with the interquartile ranges concerning the comparison of the variabilities of the bankruptcy times?

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Descriptive Statistics: Ratings

Results for Prize = Job

Variable

Degree

N

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StDev

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Maximum

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54

7.796

4.231

1.000

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20

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10

9.80

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2.000

17

Results for Prize = Partnership

Variable

Degree

N

Mean

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Maximum

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33

8.212

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1.000

20.00

None

21

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3.000

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6.50

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a.Give a practical interpretation of the mean rating for contestants with a first (bachelor鈥檚) degree who competed for a job with Lord Sugar.

b.Find an interval that captures about 95% of the ratings for contestants with a first (bachelor鈥檚) degree who competed for a job with Lord Sugar.

c.An analysis of the data led the researchers to conclude that 鈥渨hen the reward for winning . . . was a job, more academically qualified contestants tended to perform less well; however, this pattern is reversed when the prize changed to a business partnership.鈥 Do you agree? Explain.

Calculate the mode, mean, and median of the following data:

18 10 15 13 17 15 12 15 18 16 11

Management system failures.The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) is responsible for determining the root cause of industrial accidents (Process Safety Progress, December 2004). The accompanying table gives a breakdown of the root causes of 83 incidents caused by management system failures.

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27

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Worldwide Region

Number of credit
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48


Canada

10


Europe

34


Latin America

29


Middle East/Africa

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d. Based on the bar graph, make a statement about the regions that most of the top 150 credit card users serve.

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