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Chapter 2: Q135E (page 139)

Museum management. Refer to the Museum Management and Curatorship (June 2010) study of how museums evaluate their performance, Exercise 2.14 (p. 74). Recall that managers of 30 contemporary art museums identified the performance measure used most often. A summary of the results is reproduced in the table. Consider the bar graph shown. Identify two ways the bar graph might mislead the viewer by overemphasizing the importance of one of the performance measures.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Misleading graphs portray false conclusions by misrepresenting the statistical information provided. They're also known as misshapen graphs. Intentionally or accidentally, deceptive graphs might be created.

Step by step solution

01

Misleading graph

A misleading graph also referred to as a skewed chart, misrepresents data, resulting in a statistical error and the drawing of an inaccurate conclusion. Graphs can be deceptive if they are overly complicated or badly structured. Even when designed to depict the features of its information accurately, graphs might be vulnerable to conflicting interpretations, and undesired types of information can be created. Deceptive graphs can be intentionally misleading, or they might result in somebody not comprehending the facts underlying the graph they make.

02

Two ways in mislead the graph

The vertical axis of a bar graph should begin at 0. However, it begins at 12 in this case.

a) The vertical axis does not begin at 0 degrees.

Moreover, because the width is unequal, we cannot comprehend the meaning of area, i.e., final tally.

b) The bars are not all the same width.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Refer to Exercise 2.141. Assuming all populations are approximately mound-shaped, for parts a鈥揹, determine whether the values 0, 4, and 12 are outliers.

The economic return to earning an MBA. Refer to the International Economic Review (August 2008) study on the economic rewards to obtaining an MBA degree, Exercise 1.27 (p. 51). Job status information was collected for a sample of 3,244 individuals who sat for the GMAT in each of four time periods (waves). Summary information (number of individuals) for Wave 1 (at the time of taking the GMAT) and Wave 4 (7 years later) is provided in the accompanying table. Use a graph to compare and contrast the job status distributions of GMAT takers in Wave 1 and Wave 4.

Job Status

Wave 1

Wave 4

Working, No MBA

2,657

1,787

Working, Have MBA

0

1,372

Not Working, Business School

0

7

Not Working, Other
Graduate School

36

78

Not Working, 4-Year
Institution

551

0

Total

3,244

3,244

For each of the following data sets, compute xbar, s2, and s. If appropriate, specify the units in which your answers are expressed.

a.4, 6, 6, 5, 6, 7

b.- \(1, \)4, - \(3, \)0, - \(3, - \)6

c.3/5 %, 4/5 %, 2/5 %, 1/5 %, 1/16 %

d.Calculate the range of each data set in parts a鈥揷.

Microsoft program security issues. To help its users combat malicious attacks (e.g., worms, viruses) on its computer software, Microsoft periodically issues a security bulletin that reports the software affected by the vulnerability. In Computers & Security (July 2013), researchers focused on reported security issues with three Microsoft products: Office, Windows, and Explorer

a. In a sample of 50 security bulletins issued in a recent year, 32 reported a security issue with Windows, 6 with Explorer, and 12 with Office. Construct a pie chart to describe the Microsoft products with security issues. Which product had the lowest proportion of security issues?

b. The researchers also categorized the security bulletins according to the expected repercussion of the vulnerability. Categories were Denial of service, Information disclosure, Remote code execution, Spoofing, and Privilege elevation. Suppose that of the 50 bulletins sampled, the following numbers of bulletins were classified into each respective category: 6, 8, 22, 3, 11. Construct a Pareto diagram to describe the expected repercussions from security issues. Based on the graph, what repercussion would you advise Microsoft to focus on?

Performance ratings of government agencies.The U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) requires government agencies to produce annual performance and accounting reports (PARS) each year. A research team at George Mason University evaluated the quality of the PARS for 24 government agencies (The Public Manager, summer 2008). Evaluation scores ranged from 12 (lowest) to 60 (highest). The PARS evaluation scores for two consecutive years are shown in the next table.

a.Construct a scatterplot for the data. Do you detect atrend in the data?

b.Based on the graph, identify one or two agencies that hadgreater than expected PARS evaluation scores for year 2.
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