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Chapter 1: Q 1.93. (page 30)

In Exercises 1.92-1.97, we present descriptions of designed experiments. In each case, identify the

(a) experimental units

(b) response variable

(c) factor (s)

(d) levels of each factor:-

(e) treatments.

Highway Signs. A driver's ability to detect highway signs is an important consideration in highway safety. In his dissertation, High way Construction Safety and the Aging Driver, S. Younes investigated the distance at which drivers can first detect highway caution signs. This distance is called the detection distance. Younes analyzed the effect that sign size and sign material have on detection distance. Drivers were randomly assigned to one combination of sign size ( small, medium, and large ), and sign material ( 1, 2, and 3 ). Each driver covered the same stretch of highway at a constant speed during the same time of day, and the detection distance, in feet, was determined for the driver's assigned caution sign.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) experimental units:- Drivers

(b) response variable:- Detection distance.

(c) factor (s):- sign size and sign material.

(d) levels of each factor:-

sign size includes small, medium, and large.

and sign material includes 1, 2, and 3.

(e) treatments:- Nine.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1. Given information.

The given statement is:

A driver's ability to detect highway signs is an important consideration in highway safety. In his dissertation,High way Construction Safety and the Aging Driver, S. Younes investigated the distance at which drivers can first detect highway caution signs. This distance is called thedetection distance. Younes analyzed the effect that sign size and sign material have on detection distance. Drivers were randomly assigned to one combination of sign size ( small, medium, and large ), and sign material ( 1, 2, and 3 ). Each driver covered the same stretch of highway at a constant speed during the same time of day, and the detection distance, in feet, was determined for the driver's assigned caution sign.

02

Part (a) Step 2. Identify the experimental units.

Taking into consideration the given designed experiment, Experimental units are the drivers that are being studied in this study.

03

Part (b) Step 1. Identify the response variable.

The response variable, of the given designed experiment, is the detection distance.

Because the researcher investigated the distance at which drivers can first detect highway caution signs. This distance is called the detection distance.

04

Part (c) Step 1. Identify the factor.

Here, the factors include: sign size and sign material.

Because researchers analyzed the effect that sign size and sign material have on detection distance.

05

Part (d) Step 1. Identify the levels of each factor.

The three levels of sign size include:

  1. small
  2. Medium
  3. Large

The three levels of sign material include:

1, 2 and 3.

06

Part (e) Step 1. Identify the treatments.

It includes the nine different possible ways of three levels of sign size and three levels of sign material.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In Exercises 1.17-1.22, state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case.

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