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Chapter 1: Q 1.27. (page 15)
Explain why a census is often not the best way to obtain information about a population.
A Census of the entire population is time-consuming, costly, impractical, or sometimes impossible.
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In Exercises 1.92-1.97, we present descriptions of designed experiments. In each case, identify the
(a) experimental units
(b) response variable
(c) factor (s)
(d) levels of each factor:-
(e) treatments.
Increasing Unit Sales. Supermarkets are interested in strategies to increase temporarily the unit sales of a product. In one study, researchers compared the effect of display type and price on unit sales for a particular product. The following display types and pricing schemes were employed.
In Exercises 1.7-1.12, classify each of the studies as either descriptive or inferential. Explain your answers.
Dow Jones Industrial Averages. From the Stock Performance Guide, published online by Istockl on the website 1Stock1.com, we found the closing values of the Dow Jones Industrial Averages as of the end of December for the years 2004 through 2013.
In Exercises 1.7-1.12, classify each of the studies as either descriptive or inferential. Explain your answers.
TV Viewing Times. Data from a sample of Americans yielded the following estimates of average TV viewing time per month for all Americans 2 years old and older. The times are in hours and minutes; Q1 stands for first quarter. [SOURCE: The Cross-Platform Report, Quarter 1, 2011. Published by The Nielsen Company, 漏 2011.]
In Exercises 1.17-1.22, state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer each case.
The Salk Vaccine. In the 1940s and early 1950s, the public greatly concerned about polio. In an attempt to prevent this disease, Jonas Salk of the University of Pittsburgh developed a polio vaccine. In a test of the vaccine's efficacy, involving nearly million grade-school children, half of the children received the Salk vaccine; the other half received a placebo, in this case, an injection of salt dissolved in water. Neither the children nor the doctors performing the diagnoses knew which children belonged to which group, but an evaluation center did. The center found that the incidence of polio was far less among the children inoculated with the Salk vaccine. From that information, the researchers concluded that the vaccine would be effective in preventing polio for all U.S. school children; consequently, it was made available for general use.
The members of a population have been numbered 1-100. A sample of size 30 is to be taken from the population, using cluster sampling. The clusters are of equal size 10, where cluster #1 consists of the members of the population numbered 1-10, cluster #2 consists of the members of the population numbered 11-20, and so forth.
(a) Apply Procedure 1.2 on page 18 to determine the sample (i.e., the numbers corresponding to the members of the population that are included in the sample).
(b) Suppose that, in Step 2 of Procedure 1.2, clusters #2, #6, and #9 are selected. Determine the sample.
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