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Chapter 1: Q 1.85. (page 29)
In a designed experiment, there is one factor with four levels. How many treatments are there?
Four treatments are there.
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What are the two major types of statistics? Describe them in detail.
Thoughts on Evolution. In an article titled "Who has designs on your student's minds?" (Nature, Vol. 434, pp. 1062-1065), author G. Brumfiel postulated that support for Darwinism increases with level of education. The following table provides percentages of U.S. adults, by educational level, who believe that evolution is a scientific theory well supported by evidence.
(a) Do you think that this study is descriptive or inferential? Explain your answer.
(b) If, in fact, the study is inferential, identify the sample and population.
Lobbying Congress. In the special report, "Bitter Pill: Why Medical Bills Are Killing Us" (TIME, Vol. 181, No. 8, 2013), S. Brill presented an in-depth investigation of hospital billing practices that reveals why U.S. health care spending is out of control. One of the many statistics provided in the report is that, during the period from 1998 through 2012, the pharmaceutical and health-care-products industries and organizations representing doctors, hospitals, nursing homes, health services, and HMOs spent \(5.36 billion lobbying Congress.
(a). Under what conditions would the \)5.36 billion lobbying-expenditure figure be a descriptive statistic? Explain your answer.
(b). Under what conditions would the $5.36 billion lobbying- expenditure figure be an inferential statistic? Explain your answer.
The Salk Vaccine. In Exercise 1.17 on page 8, we discussed the Salk vaccine experiment. The experiment utilized a technique called double-blinding because neither the children nor the doctors involved knew which children had been given the vaccine and which had been given placebo. Explain the advantages of using double-blinding in the Salk vaccine experiment.
Best-Selling Albums. Refer to Exercise 1.44.
(a). List the 15 possible samples (without replacement) of four artists that can be selected from the six.
(b). Describe a procedure for taking a simple random sample of four artists from the six.
(c). If a simple random sampling procedure is used to obtain four artists, what are the chances of selecting E, A, L, and B? P, B, M, and A?
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