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Chapter 1: Q 1.84. (page 29)
In this section, we discussed two types of statistical designs. Identify and explain the meaning of each one.
Randomized block design and Completely randomized design are the two types of statistical designs.
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AVONEX and MS. An issue of Inside MS contained an article describing AVONEX (interferon beta-la), a drug used in the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Included in the article was a report on "... adverse events and selected laboratory abnormalities that occurred at an incidence of 2% or more among the 158 multiple sclerosis patients treated with 30 mcg of AVONEX once weekly by IM injection." In the study, 158 patients took AVONEX and 143 patients were given placebo.
(a) Is this study observational or is it a designed experiment?
(b) Identify the treatment group, control group, and treatments.
Thoughts on Evolution. In an article titled "Who has designs on your student's minds?" (Nature, Vol. 434, pp. 1062-1065), author G. Brumfiel postulated that support for Darwinism increases with level of education. The following table provides percentages of U.S. adults, by educational level, who believe that evolution is a scientific theory well supported by evidence.
(a) Do you think that this study is descriptive or inferential? Explain your answer.
(b) If, in fact, the study is inferential, identify the sample and population.
Regarding observational studies and designed experiments:
(a) Describe each type of statistical study.
(b) With respect to possible conclusions, what important difference exists between these two types of statistical studies?
The members of a population are numbered 1-50.
(a). Use Table I in Appendix A to obtain an SRS of size 6 from the population. Start at the two-digit number in line number 10 and column numbers 10-11, read down the column, up the next, and so on.
(b). If you have access to a random-number generator, use it to solve part (a)
In Exercises 1.92-1.97, we present descriptions of designed experiments. In each case, identify the
(a) experimental units
(b) response variable
(c) factor (s)
(d) levels of each factor:-
(e) treatments.
The Lion's Mane. In a study by P. M. West titled "The Lion's Mane" ( American Scientist, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 226-236), the effects of the mane of a male lion as a signal of quality to mates and rivals was explored. Four life-sized dummies of male lions provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar lions whose manes varied by length (long or short) and color (blonde or dark). The female lions were observed to see whether they approached each of the four life-sized dummies.
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