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Chapter 1: Q 1.78 (page 25)
In simple random sampling, all samples of a given size are equally likely. Is that true in systematic random sampling? Explain your answer.
No. It is not true in the case of systematic random sampling.
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Identify two statistical methods other than a census for obtaining information.
Medical Testing on Animals. In its Summer 2013 Animal Action Report, the National Anti-Vivisection Society stated that "59% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 oppose medical testing on animals." The percentage of 59% was computed from sample data.
(a). Identify the population under consideration.
(b). Identify the sample under consideration.
(c). Is the statement in quotes descriptive or inferential?
(d). If you wanted to make it clear that the percentage of 59% was computed from sample data, how would you rephrase the statement in quotes?
In Exercises 1.17-1.22, state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case.
Heart Failure. In the paper "Cardiac-Resynchronization Therapy with or without an Implantable Defibrillator in Advanced Chronic Heart Failure" (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 350, pp. 2140-2150), M. Bristow et al. reported the results of a study of methods for treating patients who had advanced heart failure due to ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathies. A total of 1520 patients were randomly assigned in a 1:2:2 ratio to receive optimal pharmacologic therapy alone or in combination with either a pacemaker or a pacemaker-defibrillator combination. The patients were then observed until they died or were hospitalized for any cause.
Define the following terms:
(a) Population
(b) Sample
The members of a population have been numbered 1-500. A sample of size 10 is to be taken from the population, using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. The strata are of sizes 200, 150, and 150, where stratum #1 consists of the members of the population numbered 1-200, stratum #2 consists of the members of the population numbered 201-350, and so forth.
(a) Determine the sample sizes that will be taken from the strata.
(b) Apply Procedure 1.3 on page 21 to determine the sample (i.e., the numbers corresponding to the members of the population that are included in the sample).
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