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Chapter 8: Q. 9.1 (page 357)
Explain the meaning of the term hypothesis as used in inferential statistics.
To make judgements regarding population mean hypotheses or a statement that something is true.
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Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 9鈥�32, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method unless your instructor specifies otherwise. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section.
Lie Detectors Trials in an experiment with a polygraph yield 98 results that include 24 cases of wrong results and 74 cases of correct results (based on data from experiments conducted by researchers Charles R. Honts of Boise State University and Gordon H. Barland of the Department of Defense Polygraph Institute). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that such polygraph results are correct less than 80% of the time. Based on the results, should polygraph test results be prohibited as evidence in trials?
Finding P-values. In Exercises 5鈥�8, either use technology to find the P-value or use Table A-3 to find a range of values for the P-value.
Airport Data Speeds: The claim that for Verizon data speeds at airports, the mean. The sample size is and the test statistic is
t =-1.625 .
PowerFor a hypothesis test with a specified significance level , the probability of a type I error is, whereas the probability of a type II error depends on the particular value ofpthat is used as an alternative to the null hypothesis.
a.Using an alternative hypothesis ofp< 0.4, using a sample size ofn= 50, and assumingthat the true value ofpis 0.25, find the power of the test. See Exercise 34 鈥淐alculating Power鈥漣n Section 8-1. [Hint:Use the valuesp= 0.25 andpq/n= (0.25)(0.75)/50.]
b.Find the value of , the probability of making a type II error.
c.Given the conditions cited in part (a), find the power of the test. What does the power tell us about the effectiveness of the test?
Using Technology. In Exercises 5鈥�8, identify the indicated values or interpret the given display. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section. Use = 0.05 significance level and answer the following:
a. Is the test two-tailed, left-tailed, or right-tailed?
b. What is the test statistic?
c. What is the P-value?
d. What is the null hypothesis, and what do you conclude about it?
e. What is the final conclusion?
Biometric Security In a USA Today survey of 510 people, 53% said that we should replace passwords with biometric security, such as fingerprints. The accompanying Statdisk display results from a test of the claim that half of us say that we should replace passwords with biometric security.
Test Statistics. In Exercises 13鈥�16, refer to the exercise identified and find the value of the test statistic. (Refer to Table 8-2 on page 362 to select the correct expression for evaluating the test statistic.)
16. Exercise 8 鈥淧ulse Rates鈥�
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