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Let A,B, and Cbe events relating to the experiment of rolling a pair of dice.

(a) If localid="1647938016434" P(A|C)>P(B|C)and localid="1647938126689" P(A|Cc)>P(B|Cc)either prove that localid="1647938033174" P(A)>P(B)or give a counterexample by defining events Band Cfor which that relationship is not true.

(b) If localid="1647938162035" P(A|C)>P(A|Cc)and P(B|C)>P(B|Cc)either prove that P(AB|C)>P(AB|Cc)or give a counterexample by defining events A,Band Cfor which that relationship is not true. Hint: Let Cbe the event that the sum of a pair of dice is 10; let Abe the event that the first die lands on 6; let Bbe the event that the second die lands on 6.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a)Use the law of total probability to prove that P(A)>P(B).

b)The hint gives a counterexample. The events A, B, and C for which that relationship is not true.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1:Given Information(part a)

Given that
P(AC)>P(BC)andPACc>PBCc

The events A, B, and C for which that relationship is not true.

02

Step 2:Explanation(part a)

Think,

P(AC)>P(BC),PACc>PBCc

The rules of total probability are used in 1st and3rd row (dividing byC )

P(A)=P(AC)P(C)+PACcPCc

>P(BC)P(C)+PBCcPCcAssumptions

=P(B)

Consolidating the start and the end we demonstrate:

P(A)>P(B)

03

Step 3:Final Answer(part a)

Use the law of total probability to prove thatP(A)>P(B).

04

Given Information(part b)

Given that,

P(AC)>PACcandP(BC)>PBCc

The events localid="1647939230660" AB, and C for which that relationship is not true.

05

Step 5:Explanation(part b)

Think,

P(AC)>PACc,P(BC)>PBCcP(ABC)>PABCc

can not be finalized.

Hint gives one possibility for a counterexample, with there expressed occasions:

A- the first of two dice arrived on six, B- the other one arrived on six, and localid="1647939355923" C- the amount of the numbers on the dice is 10.

P(AC)=13,P(BC)=13,P(ABC)=0,and

PACc=533,PBCc=533,PABCc=133

06

Step 6:Final Answer(part b)

The hint gives a counterexample. The events A, B, and localid="1647939910420" Cfor which that relationship is not true.

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