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Let AB. Express the following probabilities as simply as possible:

P(AB),PABc,P(BA),PBAc

Short Answer

Expert verified

P(AB),0,1,PBAc

ABmeans that if Aoccurs, Bwill too, that is that there is no Ain Bc.

Step by step solution

01

Given Information

Assumption,

AB

Note that the conditional probability of P(XY)is the proportion of Ythat Xmakes.

This is the Venn diagram of the situation:

02

Explanation

P(AB)

P(AB)should equal to the percentage of Bthat is in A. This is arbitrary defined by the size of Aand B.

ABAB=A

The forms of P(AB)

P(AB)=P(AB)P(B)=P(A)P(B)

PABc

Given that Bchappened, that is Bdid not happen, Aalso did not happen, therefore PABc=0

ABABc=

The forms ofPABc

PABc=PABcPBc=P()PBc=0PBc=0

P(BA)

Given that Ahappened, Bcertainly happened, thereforeP(BA)=1

ABAB=A

The forms ofP(BA)

P(BA)=P(AB)P(A)=P(A)P(A)=1

PBAc

This is arbitrary defined by the size of Aand B.

The forms ofPBAc

PBAc=PAcBPAc=P(B)-P(A)1-P(A)

03

Final Answer

P(AB)=P(AB)P(B)=P(A)P(B)

PABc=PABcPBc=P()PBc=0PBc=0

P(BA)=P(AB)P(A)=P(A)P(A)=1

PBAc=PAcBPAc=P(B)-P(A)1-P(A)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Let A,B, and Cbe events relating to the experiment of rolling a pair of dice.

(a) If localid="1647938016434" P(A|C)>P(B|C)and localid="1647938126689" P(A|Cc)>P(B|Cc)either prove that localid="1647938033174" P(A)>P(B)or give a counterexample by defining events Band Cfor which that relationship is not true.

(b) If localid="1647938162035" P(A|C)>P(A|Cc)and P(B|C)>P(B|Cc)either prove that P(AB|C)>P(AB|Cc)or give a counterexample by defining events A,Band Cfor which that relationship is not true. Hint: Let Cbe the event that the sum of a pair of dice is 10; let Abe the event that the first die lands on 6; let Bbe the event that the second die lands on 6.

The following method was proposed to estimate the number of people over the age of 50 who reside in a town of known population 100,000: 鈥淎s you walk along the streets, keep a running count of the percentage of people you encounter who are over 50. Do this for a few days; then multiply the percentage you obtain by 100,000 to obtain the estimate.鈥 Comment on this method. Hint: Let p denote the proportion of people in the town who are over 50. Furthermore, let 伪1 denote the proportion of time that a person under the age of 50 spends in the streets, and let 伪2 be the corresponding value for those over 50. What quantity does the method suggest estimate? When is the estimate approximately equal to p?

On rainy days, Joe is late to work with probability .3; on nonrainy days, he is late with probability .1. With probability .7, it will rain tomorrow.

(a) Find the probability that Joe is early tomorrow.

(b) Given that Joe was early, what is the conditional probability that it rained?

If two fair dice are rolled, what is the conditional probability that the first one lands on 6 given that the sum of the dice is i? Compute for all values of ibetween 2and12

Let S = {1, 2, . . . , n} and suppose that A and B are, independently, equally likely to be any of the 2n subsets (including the null set and S itself) of S.

(a) Show that

P{A B} =34n

Hint: Let N(B) denote the number of elements in B. Use

P{A B} =i=0nP{A (B|N(B) = i}P{N(B) = i}

Show that P{AB = 脴} =34n

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