/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 5 A person can develop or outgrow ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 4: Problem 5

A person can develop or outgrow asthma at any age. In children under ten, asthma is twice as likely to develop in boys. Boys are less likely than girls to outgrow asthma, yet by adolescence the percentage of boys with asthma is about the same as the percentage of girls with asthma because a large number of girls develop asthma in early adolescence. Assuming the truth of the passage, one can conclude from it that the number of adolescent boys with asthma is approximately equal to the number of adolescent girls with asthma, if one also knows that (A) a tendency toward asthma is often inherited (B) children who develop asthma before two years of age are unlikely to outgrow it (C) there are approximately equal numbers of adolescent boys and adolescent girls in the population (D) the development of asthma in childhood is not closely related to climate or environment (E) the percentage of adults with asthma is lower than the percentage of adolescents with asthma

Short Answer

Expert verified
The answer is (C).

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Conclusion

The passage concludes that by adolescence, the percentage of boys with asthma is about equal to that of girls due to a large number of girls developing asthma in early adolescence. This means the total number of adolescent boys with asthma equals the total number of adolescent girls with asthma given some additional condition.
02

Analyze the Assumptions

The passage suggests a transition where the number of girls developing asthma increases, leading to an equalization in percentage terms. To equate the total numbers, there must be approximately equal numbers of boys and girls in the population.
03

Evaluate the Options

Select which option supports the conclusion that the number of adolescent boys with asthma is approximately the same as that of girls. Options (A), (B), (D), and (E) relate to factors that do not address the equal number demographic aspect, while option (C) implies an equal population size, which supports equal numbers of each gender with asthma.
04

Conclusion

Given the passage, the most logical way to conclude that the number of adolescent boys with asthma and girls with asthma is approximately equal requires knowing that there are roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. Thus, option (C) is the answer.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Asthma Development
Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the airways in our lungs, making them inflamed and narrow. Many factors contribute to the development of asthma. It can occur at any age, and it's often related to genetic and environmental influences.

For children under the age of ten, asthma is twice as likely to develop in boys compared to girls. The reasons behind this are not entirely clear but may include:
  • Genetic factors, as asthma can run in families.
  • Higher sensitivity to allergens in boys.
However, boys are less likely to outgrow asthma once developed. Despite this, by adolescence, the gap closes as more girls develop asthma during their early teenage years.
Gender Differences in Health
There are notable gender differences present in many health conditions, and asthma is no exception. Understanding these differences is crucial in developing targeted treatment and prevention strategies.

In childhood, boys are more prone to develop asthma compared to girls. However, as children transition into adolescence, this disparity changes. The development of asthma in girls increases during early teens, resulting in equal prevalence between genders by adolescence.

This shift points to the impact of puberty and hormonal changes, which might affect immune functions differently in boys and girls. Recognizing such factors can aid in personalized healthcare approaches.
Adolescent Health
Adolescence is a period of remarkable physical, emotional, and physiological changes. Health conditions can evolve significantly during this stage. Asthma serves as an example of how health patterns shift.

In adolescence, the rate of new asthma cases in girls rises, potentially balancing out earlier differences seen in childhood. This change suggests that hormonal changes could influence the likelihood of developing or worsening asthma.

Maintaining adolescent health requires awareness of these transitions. Early intervention and effective management can reduce the impact of asthma on daily life, leading to better long-term health outcomes.
Population Distribution Hypothesis
The population distribution hypothesis is a key aspect when examining the balance of asthma prevalence between adolescent boys and girls. This hypothesis suggests that the number of boys and girls, on average, is equal in a given population.

If boys and girls are present in nearly equal numbers, and given the equalization of asthma rates by adolescence, it leads to the conclusion that a similar number of boys and girls have asthma. The option (C) in the original exercise hinges on this idea, essential to reaching a logical conclusion regarding asthma distribution.

Understanding this hypothesis helps clarify assumptions in logical reasoning and is useful in many statistical and health studies.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Between 1971 and 1975, the government office that monitors drug companies issued an average of 60 citations a year for serious violations of drug- promotion laws. Between 1976 and 1980, the annual average for issuance of such citations was only 5 . This decrease indicates that the government office was, on average, considerably more lax in enforcing drug-promotion laws between 1976 and 1980 than it was between 1971 and 1975. The argument assumes which one of the following? (A) The decrease in the number of citations was not caused by a decrease in drug companies' violations of drug-promotion laws. (B) A change in enforcement of drug-promotion laws did not apply to minor violations. (C) The enforcement of drug-promotion laws changed in response to political pressure. (D) The government office should not issue more than an average of 5 citations a year to drug companies for serious violations of drug-promotion laws. (E) Before 1971 the government office issued more than 60 citations a year to drug companies for serious violations of drug-promotion laws.

Advertisement: Anyone who exercises knows from firsthand experience that exercise leads to better performance of such physical organs as the heart and the lungs, as well as to improvement in muscle tone. And since your brain is a physical organ, your actions can improve its performance, too. Act now. Subscribe to Stimulus: read the magazine that exercises your brain. The advertisement employs which one of the following argumentative strategies? (A) It cites experimental evidence that subscribing to the product being advertised has desirable consequences. (B) It ridicules people who do not subscribe to Stimulus by suggesting that they do not believe that exercise will improve brain capacity. (C) It explains the process by which the product being advertised brings about the result claimed for its use. (D) It supports its recommendation by a careful analysis of the concept of exercise. (E) It implies that brains and muscle are similar in one respect because they are similar in another respect.

Police statistics have shown that automobile antitheft devices reduce the risk of car theft, but a statistical study of automobile theft by the automobile insurance industry claims that cars equipped with antitheft devices are, paradoxically, more likely to be stolen than cars that are not so equipped. Which one of the following. if true, does the most to resolve the apparent paradox? (A) Owners of stolen cars almost invariably report the theft immediately to the police but tend to delay notifying their insurance company, in the hope that the vehicle will be recovered. (B) Most cars that are stolen are not equipped with antitheft devices, and most cars that are equipped with antitheft devices are not stolen. (C) The most common automobile antitheft devices are audible alarms, which typically produce ten false alarms for every actual attempted theft. (D) Automobile owners who have particularly theft-prone cars and live in areas of greatest incidence of car theft are those who are most likely to have antitheft devices installed. (E) Most automobile thefts are the work of professional thieves against whose efforts antitheft devices offer scant protection.

Our tomato soup provides good nutrition: for instance, a warm bowl of it contains more units of vitamin \(C\) than does a serving of apricots or fresh carrots! The advertisement is misleading if which one of the following is true? (A) Few people depend exclusively on apricots and carrots to supply vitamin \(C\) to their diets. (B) A liquid can lose vitamins if it stands in contact with the air for a protracted period of time. (C) Tomato soup contains important nutrients other than vitamin \(C\). (D) The amount of vitamin \(\mathrm{C}\) provided by a serving of the advertised soup is less than the amount furnished by a serving of fresh strawberries. (E) Apricots and fresh carrots are widely known to be nutritious, but their contribution consists primarily in providing a large amount of vita\(\min A\), not a large amount of vitamin \(C\).

Since the introduction of the Impanian National Health scheme, Impanians (or their private insurance companies) have had to pay only for the more unusual and sophisticated medical procedures. When the scheme was introduced, it was hoped that private insurance to pay for these procedures would be available at modest cost, since the insurers would no longer be paying for the bulk of health care costs, as they had done previously. Paradoxically, however, the cost of private health insurance did not decrease but has instead increased dramatically in the years since the scheme's introduction. Which one of the following, if true, does most to explain the apparently paradoxical outcome? (A) The National Health scheme has greatly reduced the number of medical claims handled annually by Impania's private insurers, enabling these firms to reduce overhead costs substantially. (B) Before the National Health scheme was introduced, more than 80 percent of all Impanian medical costs were associated with procedures that are now covered by the scheme. (C) Impanians who previously were unable to afford regular medical treatment now use the National Health scheme, but the number of Impanians with private health insurance has not increased. (D) Impanians now buy private medical insurance only at times when they expect that they will need care of kinds not available in the National Health scheme. (E) The proportion of total expenditures within Impania that is spent on health care has declined since the introduction of the National Health scheme.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on English Textbooks

English Grammar

Read Explanation

English Language Study

Read Explanation

Lexis and Semantics

Read Explanation

Textual Analysis

Read Explanation

Language Analysis

Read Explanation

Essay Prompts

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.