Chapter 7: Q18P (page 323)
Show that if , then every language , except , is complete.
Short Answer
Therefore, is a category of languages in which membership can be determined in polynomial time.
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Chapter 7: Q18P (page 323)
Show that if , then every language , except , is complete.
Therefore, is a category of languages in which membership can be determined in polynomial time.
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You are given a box and a collection of cards as indicated in the following figure. Because of the pegs in the box and the notches in the cards, each card will fit in the box in either of two ways. Each card contains two columns of holes, some of which may not be punched out. The puzzle is solved by placing all the cards in the box so as to completely cover the bottom of the box (i.e., every hole position is blocked by at least one card that has no hole there). It represents a card and this collection of cards has a solution}. Show that PUZZLE is NP-complete.
This problem investigates resolution, a method for proving the unsatisfiability of cnf-formulas. Let be a formula in cnf, where the are its clauses. Let . In a resolution step, we take two clauses and in C, which both have some variable occurring positively in one of the clauses and negatively in the other. Thus, and , where the and are literals. We form the new clause and remove repeated literals. Add this new clause to C. Repeat the resolution steps until no additional clauses can be obtained. If the empty clause ( ) is in C, then declare unsatisfiable. Say that resolution is sound if it never declares satisfiable formulas to be unsatisfiable. Say that resolution is complete if all unsatisfiable formulas are declared to be unsatisfiable.
a. Show that resolution is sound and complete.
b. Use part (a) to show that .
In the proof of the Cook–Levin theorem, a window is a rectangle of cells. Show why the proof would have failed if we had used role="math" localid="1664195743361" windows instead.
Is the following formula satisfiable?
A cut in an undirected graph is a separation of the vertices V into two disjoint subsets S and T . The size of a cut is the number of edges that have one endpoint in S and the other in T . Let
Show that MAX-CUT is NP-complete. You may assume the result of Problem 7.26. (Hint: Show that. The variable gadget for variable x is a collection of 3c nodes labeled with x and another nodes labeled with x . The clause gadget is a triangle of three edges connecting three nodes labeled with the literals appearing in the clause. Do not use the same node in more than one clause gadget. Prove that this reduction works.)
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