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Give a simple reduction from 3D MATCHING to SAT, and another from RUDRATA CYCLE to SAT.

(Hint: In the latter case you may use variables xijwhose intuitive meaning is 鈥渧ertex i is the j th vertex of the Hamilton cycle鈥; you then need to write clauses that express the constraints of the problem.)

Short Answer

Expert verified

3D MATCHING to SAT:

Consider the set of edges, and define variable s where true indicates that an edge is chosen. Create add clauses with the set of edges and variables without repeating the items more than once.

RUDRATA CYCLE to SAT:

Define the variablesxijfrom the hint, and achieve the requirements as that each vertex appears exactly once in the cycle. The neighbors in the cycle is connected by an edge.

Step by step solution

01

Explain 3D-MATCHING and RUDRATA CYCLE

Consider the three sets boys, girls and pets and the compatibilities among them are specified by a set of triples. 3D-MATHCING aims to find disjoint triples and creates harmonious households. RUDRATA CYCLE search problem is to find the cycle that visits each vertex only once or no such cycle exists.

02

Step 2: Give a simple reduction from  3D  MATCHING to SAT


Consider a set of m edges containing three items. If a set of edges is chosen in such a way that every item appears in an edge not in more than one edge, is called a valid matching.

Define variablese1,e2,K,em, in which the true indicates that an edge is chosen. Let x be a k-vector of indices in which the item appears.

Create the clauses as follows:

  • Add clauseex1ex2Keak, ensures that the item appears at least once.

  • For every pair i,j{1kk}add clauseexiexi, ensures that the item appearance is not be repeated.

03

Give a simple reduction from RUDRATA CYCLE to SAT

Consider the variables xijthat represents the vertex i is the j th vertex in the RUDRATA CYCLE. It is required that each vertex appears exactly once in the cycle and the neighbors in the cycle are connected by an edge.

Adding a clause xi1xi2Kxinfor each vertex i, ensures that appearance of the vertex exactly once in the cycle. Adding clauses for each pair of vertices for each cycle ensures that the neighbors are connected by an edge in the cycle. Construction of SAT involves the creation of role="math" localid="1657619324977" nclauses with nentries each plus n3clauses with 2 entries each.

Therefore, the above reduction shows the reductions from RUDRATA CYCLE to SAT.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Show that for any problem in NP, there is an algorithm which solves n in time O 2pnwhere is the size of the input instance and p(n)is a polynomial (which may depend on ).

Akiteis a graph on an even number of vertices, say 2n, in which of the vertices form a clique and the remaining vertices are connected in a 鈥渢ail鈥 that consists of a path joined to one of the vertices of the clique. Given a graph and a goal , the KITE problem asks for a subgraph which is a kite and which contains 2g nodes. Prove that KITE is NP-complete.

Show that the following problem is NP-complete.

MAXIMUM COMMON SUBGRAPHInput: Two graphs G1=(V1,E1)and G2=(V2,E2); a budget b.Output: Two set of nodes V1'V1and V2'V2whose deletion leaves at leastb nodes in each graph, and makes the two graphs identical.

Consider a special case of 3SAT in which all clauses have exactly three literals, and each variable appears exactly three times. Show that this problem can be solved in polynomial time. (Hint: create a bipartite graph with clauses on the left, variables on the right, and edges whenever a variable appears in a clause. Use Exercise 7.30 to show that this graph has a matching.)

Proving NP-completeness by generalization. For each of the problems below, prove that it is NP-complete by showing that it is a generalization of some NP-complete problem we have seen in this chapter.

  1. SUBGRAPH ISOMORPHISM: Given as input two undirected graphsG and H, determine whetherG is a subgraph of H (that is, whether by deleting certain vertices and edges ofH we obtain a graph that is, up to renaming of vertices, identical toG ), and if so, return the corresponding mapping ofV(G) intoV(H) .
  2. LONGEST PATH: Given a graph role="math" localid="1658141805147" Gand an integerg find inG a simple path of lengthg .
  3. MAX SAT: Given a CNF formula and an integer g, find a truth assignment that satisfies at least gclauses.
  4. DENSE SUBGRAPH: Given a graph and two integersa and b, find a set of a vertices ofG such that there are at leastb edges between them.
  5. SPARSE SUBGRAPH: Given a graph and two integersa andb , find a set of a vertices ofG such that there are at most bedges between them.
  6. SET COVER. (This problem generalizes two knownNP-complete problems.)
  7. RELIABLE NETWORK: We are given twonn matrices, a distance matrixdij and a connectivity requirement matrixrij , as well as a budgetb ; we must find a graph G=({1,2,.....,n},E)such that (1) the total cost of all edges isb or less and (2) between any two distinct verticesi andj there arerij vertex-disjoint paths.
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